1.

Why is it so important for the courts to be able to clearly distinguish between terms and mere representations, and how do the courts determine whether a statement is a term or a mere representation?

2.

I have seen some patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease with no

obvious evidence of rheumatic fever (i.e. they could not recall if there

was an episode of severe infection with subsequent fever and joint pain).

So, actually, how is chronic rheumatic heart disease diagnosed?

3

If a young patient presents with hemiparesis and rheumatic atrial

fibrillation and is already on oral anticoagulant, with an international

normalized ratio (INR) 3 and a normal computed tomography (CT)

scan done 2 hours after onset, should he receive heparin for prophylaxis

against further embolism? Should aspirin be combined with oral

anticoagulant later, or should target INR be increased?

4

When treating mitral stenosis using a balloon valvotomy, how come no

thrombus develops at the site of the atrial septum or at the separated

commissure of the valve leaflets?

5

Why does a mitral stenosis produce a loud

6

Why is the mitral valve more affected than any other valve in the heart in

most valvular diseases?

7

What is William's syndrome (supravalvular obstruction)? Why does

hypercalcaemia occur with this syndrome?

8

Kindly tell me all the causes postulated for the collapsing pulse seen in

aortic regurgitation.

9

Does pulmonary stenosis cause pulmonary hypertension?

10

Under what conditions would a pulsatile liver be found and what is its

clinical significance?

11

Can we use warfarin during pregnancy or during menstruation in

a patient with a prosthetic valve? Is anticoagulation necessary in a

patient with a corrected ventricular septal defect (VSD) or corrected

coarctation of aorta?

12

I want to ask about Duke criteria in diagnosing infective endocarditis.

13

Is Staphylococcus aureus the most frequent causative agent of acute

bacterial endocarditis? And is this typical of acute bacterial endocarditis?

14

Please explain the mechanism of the mycotic aneurysm in infective

endocarditis.

15

Why are the right valves more commonly affected in infective

endocarditis when the microbes enter through the IV route, for example

1. with IV drug users?