1. Why would the development of biometrics identification technology create difficulties for clandestine HUMINT operatives?

2. Briefly (but clearly) explain the differences between literal and nonliteral intelligence collection and analysis.

3. How have the responsibilities of the US Intelligence Community (IC) developed since the fall of the Soviet Union?

4. A colleague mentions to you that the biggest limitation of OSINT collection is how difficult intelligence is to obtain. What would you tell your colleague?

5. When discussing the intelligence process flaws that contributed to the infamous Iraq WMD estimate, Fingar (2011) points out that the use of "off-the-shelf" intelligence products "had the advantage of 'consistency' and speed" but resulted in flawed assumptions (p. 100). Briefly explain what "off-the-shelf" intelligence products are and how they are related to the need to reevaluate previously coordinated intelligence products.

6. Are intelligence estimates predictions? Briefly explain why or why not.