1. You are part of a research team hvestigation the impact of Free Senior Higt School of education policy on teenage pregnancy in some selected deprived district assemblies in Ghana. Team wishes to obtain an appropriate sample size to ensure reliability of the study. The team has adopted sample size formula as follmvs: 2 is) E Where n= sample size: 2 is the critical value: c is the standard deviation of the outcome variable and E is the desired margin of error. Required: a) Discussed what happens to the sample size under the following situations: it E increases, all other parameter remains constant it) 0 reduces with all other parameters' constant iii) Condence level changes from 95% to 99%. b) Assuming that you calculate the sample size using the formula adopted by the team and you obtained 300 sarrples. The team lead however suggest that you increase the sample size to 8110. Explain the effect of the decision on the reliability of the research result. 2. A researcher wants to estimate the proportion of female students at University of Freedom who currently smoke cigarettes (i.e., the prevalence of smoking). How many freshmen should be invotved in the study to ensure that a 95% condence interval estimate of the proportion of freshmen who smoke is within 5% of the true proportion? Use the formula: ellpic Where n Is the sample size; p z is the value from the standard normal distribution reecting the condence level that will be used {e.g.. Z = 1.96 for 95%) and E is the desired margin of error. p the proportion of successes in the population {assume 50%). (Answer 334) 3. A researcher wants to estimate the impact of alcohol during pregnancy on premature delivery. Normal pregnancies last approximately 40 weeks and premature deliveries are those that occur before 37 weeks. The 2020 Statistics report indicates that approximately 12% of infants are bom prematurely in the Ghana The researcher plans to collect data through medical record review and to generate a 95% condence interval for the difference in proportions of infants born prematurely to woolen who smoked during pregnancy as compared to those who did not. How many women should be enrolled in the study to ensure that the 95% condence interval for the difference in proportions has a margin of error of no more than 4%? Hint. use: "i: {101(1 p1)+p2(1p2)}(%)2 g; is the sample size required in each group (i,=1, standard normal distribution reflecting the cond -- : Z = 1.96 for 95%}. and E is the desired margin proportions of successes in each comparison 9 . pregnant women}