1) You produce a musical tone by blowing over a glass bottle that is H = 30 cm tall. (Bottles are closed-end pipes). How high should it be filled with water to produce a fundamental frequency of 340 Hz? Take the speed of sound in air as 340 m/s. Write down the equation that you will use and show all intermediate results. Note that the question is about the height of water, measured from the base.

2) A mass is oscillating on a spring making 10 oscillations in 5 sec. What is their frequency?

3) A 10 kg mass is attached on a spring with a spring constant k = 360 N/m. What is the natural frequency of oscillations in Hz? Show all steps of your work.

4) The main factor which affects the speed of a sound wave is the _______________.

5) One evening while camping on a lakeshore you hear clearly the conversation of other campers across the lake. You figure that the air close to the water surface ________________.

6) How will the speed of sound in a metal string change if you increase the tension force 4 times (i.e. tighten up the string)?

7) You see a lightning bolt and hear the thunder 2 seconds later. How far is the thunderstorm if you take the speed of sound as v=344 m/s?

8) A boy shouts against a cliff producing a clear echo 1 second later. Taking the speed of sound in air as 340 m/s, the boy concludes that the cliff is ___________ away.

9) A pipe open on both ends is 4.5m long. What is its fundamental frequency (in Hz) for air speed of 343m/s? Note that the fundamental tone of an open pipe has 1/2 wavelength within the length.

10) An elephant produces a sound wave with 34.3m wavelength. Assuming the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s, determine the frequency in Hz of this infrasonic sound wave.

11) An open organ pipe produces a 300 Hz sound. How will the frequency change if one of the ends is closed?

12) If a guitar string is tuned to 220 Hz while another string is tuned to 225 Hz, what effect are you going to hear when you pluck them at the same time?

13) An organ pipe closed at one end produces sound with a given frequency. How will the frequency change if both ends of the pipe are open?

14) A pan flute produces a tone of 500 Hz using one of the pipes. What is the frequency of its 2 times shorter pipe?

15) Two musical instruments play the same melody, but sound differently. Explain why this is, having in mind your analysis of sound in Lab 3.

16) A guitar string with length L₁ = 80 cm has a fundamental frequency of oscillation of f₁ = 330 Hz. Find length L₂ in cm that will produce a sound with a different fundamental frequency of f₂ = 440 Hz. Show how you obtained the result.

17) The fundamental frequency of an open organ pipe is 200 Hz. What is the length of the pipe in meters? Take the speed of sound in air as 340 m/s? Show all steps of your calculation.