10. A Tail of Two Hypotheses Please provide full solutions to the following problems. a. Patients with advanced cancers of the stomach, bronchus, colon, ovary, and breast were treated with ascorbate. Their survival time postdiagnosis was then monitored. The resulting data set are available at www.5tatconcepts.com/ datasets or in the appendix. Test the hypothesis that the proportion of all cancer patients treated with ascorbate who will survive more than a year is different than 0.40. Assume a Type I error rate of a = 0.05. Report a pvalue, say whether you chose HA or not, and explain why you made the choice you did. b. Suppose you want to test a hypothesis about a proportion similar to what you've just done, but you don't know whether to use a two-tailed or a one-tailed test. You do know, however, that you have to have a Type I error rate of 0.05. You absent-mindedly take a look at your data results before forming HA, and you notice p > po. 50 you decide to go with a one-tailed HA. Why might this be considered cheating? Be very clear when explaining your reasons. 240 Beyond the Numbers: A Student-Centered Approach for Learning Statistical Reasoning