10. Is there an association between the circumstances surrounding a violent altercation that results in a shooting and the type of firearm used? The Firearm Injury Surveillance Study (FISS) records whether the shooting arose out of a fight and the type of firearm used to cause the injury (here, handguns vs. rifles and shotguns). With an alpha of .01, conduct a five-step hypothesis test to determine if the variables are independent. Fight Firearm Type Row Involved Marginal Handgun Long Gun Yes 158A 1 1 B 169 No 309c 133D 442 Column 467 144 N=611 Marginal Step 1: Ho:x2 = 0; H1:x2 > 0 Step 2: Identify the distribution and compute the degrees of freedom df = (r - 1) (c - 1) = (2-1) (2-1) = 1 Altercation involved Firearm type Handgun Rifle/Shotgun YES 129.17 39.83 NO 337.83 104.17 Step 3: critical value = X2 (0.01, 1) = 6.6349, Step 4: X2 = 37.7414, 37.7414 > 6.6349 Step 5: Since X2 = 37.7414 > 6.6349 we can reject Ho and say that firearm type and altercation