10. ll. Explain the meaning of the phrase "contract out , and provide reasons why unions seek restrictions on contracting out . (3 points ) Describe the preferences of the union and the employer regarding any personal leave provisions in the collective agreement . (6 points ) What are the distinctive features of labour negotiations ? (5 points ) What is the meaning and signicance of each of the following :integrative bargaining , distributive bargaining , attitudinal structuring , and intraorganizational bargaining ? (5 points ) What are the possible stages of negotiation and why are they important ? (3 points ) An employee with a poor disciplinary record who was caught stealing the employer's property has been dismissed .The union has filed a grievance .Does the union have to take the grievance to arbitration ? (2 points ) At an arbitration hearing either of the parties can make arguments "in the alternative Explain what this means , and give an example of a union argument that illustrates this concept .(3 points ) Explain the meaning of a "last chance agreement ". What are the advantages of a last chance agreement to employers , unions , and employees ? (5 points ) What is the union's duty of fair representation and explain how the employer could be affected by this obligation .(2 points ) Distinguish between conciliation or mediation , and arbitration .(3 points ) A newspaper report indicates that a union can "legally " go on strike or the employer may lockout employees at midnight on a specied date .What does the reference to legality mean ? Why is the strike or lockout legal at midnight as opposed to some other time ? (3 points )