10. Suppose that the government imposes a tax on heating oil. (a) Would the deadweight loss from this tax likely be greater in the first year after it is imposed or in the fifth year? Explain. (b) Would the revenue collected from this tax likely be greater in the first year after it is imposed or in the fifth year? Explain.

11. The market for pizza is characterized by a downward-sloping demand curve and an upward-sloping supply curve. (a) Draw the competitive market equilibrium. Label the price, quantity, consumer surplus, and producer surplus. Is there any deadweight loss? Explain. (b) Suppose that the government forces each pizzeria to pay a $1 tax on each pizza sold. Illustrate the effect of this tax on the pizza market, being sure to label the consumer surplus, producer surplus, government revenue, and deadweight loss. How does each area compare to the pre-tax case? (c) If the tax were removed, pizza eaters and sellers would be better off, but the government would lose tax revenue. Suppose that consumers and producers voluntarily transferred some of their gains to the government. Could all parties (including the government) be better off than they were with a tax? Explain using the labeled areas in your graph.

12. Suppose that the government subsidizes a good: For each unit of the good sold, the government pays $2 to the buyer. How does the subsidy affect consumer surplus, producer surplus, tax revenue, and total surplus? Does a subsidy lead to a deadweight loss? Explain.