10:56 Tue 15 Nov .'4 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. elearning.unideb.hu ii Advanced Economic Development |l. (Exam questions) 2022 About how many people are living in extreme poverty in the world? Which regions have the most significant percentages of people living in extreme poverty? Consider the following distribution of income in a 12-person economy, with the modern urban wage=3, the traditional rural income=1, and the informal urban wage=2: (1, 1, l, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3). The poverty line=1.25. Suppose rural incomes are raised to 1.5 through expanded agricultural exports. What happens to relative inequality? Absolute poverty? Explain the apparent paradox that people having the most children can least afford them, and those who can afford them most have the fewest number of children. Explain the lingering effects of colonialism and how it is still playing a role in hindering economic development in the developing world. Explain the opportunity costs of a mother's time carefully. What may lead these to change over time, and what effects do these changes have on family decisions? Is it possible for the whole world to be developed? ls population growth a problem? List and explain four common barriers to growth among less developed countries. Do you think today's developed countries had to overcome these same barriers in their earlier stage of economic development? Please explain. List three reasons why rural development is as important as industrial development in less developed countries. Include a brief explanation where appropriate. Make a case that development economics might be merely a combination of all the other subfields of economics, only applied to low-income countries. What do you think are the most severe obstacles to further progress in the developing world? What is the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), and how is it a more improved measure of poverty? Why might improvements in children's public healthcare services lower fertility? 2. What is human capital, and why is it crucial to expand human capital as part of the development process? 3. What factors cause private and social rates of return for primary and secondary education to diverge in developing countries? 4. Why have poor nations invested so much money in education and health? Evaluate the soundness ofthese reasons. Why is eradicating child labour seen as an economic investment? Explain some of the reasons why developing countries have not realised a greater positive development impact from their higher education programs. Why should the development of a solid elementary education system take precedence over an expansion of the university system in developing countries? Evaluate the following statement critically: The developed countries have all shown a significant increase in the numbers of university-trained workers as incomes have risen; thus, developing a solid university system should be among the major priorities of developing countries. :- 42% E} 10:56 Tue 15 Nov 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. elearning.unideb.hu E 1Explain why the education of girls is probably the most costeffective development investment. Be sure to include in your answer some discussion of at least two of the following: absolute poverty, health and development, fertility, and agriculture. In developing countries, higher educational facilities have tended to expand to the point where social benefits exceed private benefits. What is the economic explanation for this? Is child labour a problem in developing countries? Explain. Explain how a better-educated population will also tend to be healthier, and vice versa, that a healthier population will tend to be better educated. How can an increase in human capital lead to an increase in GDP? Why might it not lead to an increase in GDP? Investment in human capital is very similar to investing in physical capital. True or false? Explain your answer. What is educational inequality, and how is it measured? Why is it important to measure a country's degree of educational inequality? Explain your answer. What are the critical health challenges facing developing countries today, and what measures (5) are being taken to confront these challenges? Explain your answer. Why do you think Uganda has been so successful at decreasing the prevalence of HIV/AIDS? :- 42%[