11. In manufacturing overhead variance analysis, the volume variance describes the amount of variance that occurred because

a.

b.

C.

Actual overhead costs were different than applied overhead.

The volume of inputs did not equal the volume of outputs.

The actual amount of production was different than the expected /budgeted amount of production.

d. Actual direct labor hours were different than standard direct labor hours.

12. In the Jamestown Electric Supply Company case, the primary challenges with assigning all customer related support costs using sales dollars as the allocation base is that a.

Sales really have nothing to do with the calculation of customer profitability.

b

Sales is by far the best basis for motivating and rewarding sales and support personnel to improve company overall profitability

C.

Sales dollars often are not a good measure of the amount of resources that customers consume in their interaction with the company.

d.

Most employees just to not understand customer profitability if Sales dollars is not the basis for allocations of customer resource utilization.

17. a.

b

C d

e.

An organization's overall desired level of risk taking is referred to as its inherent risk.

riskiness monitoring.

risk appetite. social risk measure. perceived risk adjustment.