11. More on capital structure theory The Modigliani and Miller theories are based on several unrealistic assumptions about debt financing. In reality, there are costs, taxes, and other factors associated with debt financing. These costs or effects have led to several theories that explain the impact of these factors on the capital structure of a firm. Based on your understanding of the trade-off theory, what kind of firms are likely to use more leverage? O Firms with a higher proportion of fixed-versus-variable costs O Firms with a higher proportion of variable-versus-fixed costs Based on your understanding of the capital structure theories, identify the best option for the missing part of the statement. Option 1 Option 2 According to signalling theory, if managers expect the firm's stock price to decrease, they are ?7?? to raise capital through equity financing Encourag ed Discouraged According to the windows of opportunity theory managers 7??? in efficient markets Don't believe Believe Firms that maintain an adequate reserve borrowing capacity will be able to ??7? money at a reasonable cost when good investment opportunities arise Borrow Lend