11. The loading of the operating system when the computer is powered on is initiated by a program stored: a. in RAM b. in ROM c. in the Control unit d. on the hard drive e. none of the above 12. This type of systems software performs special functions in maintaining the computer such as virus protection, disk formatting and disk defragmentation. a. Operating system b. Language translators c. Utility d. ROM firmware e. none of the above 13. Which of the following is an example of systems software? a. The Windows operating system b. Microsoft Word c. Microsoft Excel d. All of the above e. none of the above 14. An operating system is responsible for loading applications software into main memory for execution. 15. A hard disk with 500 megabytes of storage has greater storage capacity than a hard disk with 40 gigabytes of storage. 16. A hard disk is made of circular recording areas referred to as: a. bands b. rings c. tracks d. volumes e. none of the above 17. When a hard disk is prepared for use, a special utility program is used to divide tracks into: a. cones b. bytes c. bits d. sectors e. none of the above 18. Which of the following is true? a. The operating system is loaded into RAM when the computer is powered on. b. The operating system is loaded into ROM when the computer is powered on. c. The operating system is loaded into the ALU when the computer is powered on. d. The operating system is only copied into memory when arithmetic processing is required. e. none of the above 19. These are temporary storage areas in the ALU (arithmetic logic unit) to store data being processed by the ALU: a. bits b. bytes c. data registers d. ports e. none of the above 20. This term is used to refer to the process of preparing a disk storage medium for storing data and programs: a. modulating b. hibernating c. formatting d. sectoring e. none of the above