12. Key motivational factors in budgeting do not include a. Training in the budget process b. Correct identification of the blame for below budget performancse C The setting of fair, achievable standards The feedback of information 13. What is a flexible budget? a. A budget that does not change through the budget period b. A budget that shows a detailed of expected sales A budget that does not change as volume changers d.) A budget that adjusts for changes in the volume of activity for the budget period 14. Which or the following is not likely to be a reason of unfavorable direct labor rate varlancet a. Poor estimates while setting direct labor standards b. An increase in labor rates and overtime premium c. Frequent break downs d. Assignment of easy tasks to highly skilled workers 15. Which of variance? a. the following is not likely to be a reason of unfavorable direct labor efficiency b. c. d. Increase in the labor rate Frequent break downs during production process Lack of proper supervision Use of old, outdated or faulty equipment 16. Direct materials variances may be analyzed into Price and productivity variances Usage and efficiency variances Efficiency and price variances C. b: Price and usage variances d. 17. Based on this information below, the number of units produced during the period is: Opening inventory: 50,000 units Closing inventory: 20,000 units Sales: 300,000 units a. 270,000 units b. 370,000 units c 330,000 units d. 230,000 units 18. Based in the information below, the number of units sold during the period is: Units produced: 100,000 units Units in opening inventory: 10,000 units Units in closing inventory: 20,000 units a. 110,000 units b. 90,000 units 75,000 units 130,000 units C. d. 19. Which of the following does not help to minimize the problems encountered in budgeting? a Encouraging manager participation Keeping bad news from the managing director Identifying the responsibility for key performance areas Ensuring adequate budget planning c. d. 20. In cost centers, manager have no revenue responsibilities. a. True False 21. What term can be defined as a means of assessing the difference between a predetermined amount and the actual amount? a. Master budgeting b. Variance analysis d. Activity based costing Investment appraisal