12. Tammy's tasty treats expects to have $2,000 in cash on hand at the beginning of January, and the company's target cash balance is $1,000. Net cash flow for January is minus $5,000. The company borrows money to meet short-term cash needs. What amount will Tammy need to borrow to meet her target cash balance at the end of January?

13. Johnson and Company had a balance in their retained earnings account at the end of 2022 in the amount of 1,500,000. They have forecasted net income in 2023 in the amount of 400,000. They pay an estimated 40% of their net income in dividends. What will be the addition to retained earnings at the end of 2023?

14. Given the same information in #13, what will be the ending balance in retained earnings at the end of 2023?