14. 1Wave velocity and wavelength are related to the waves frequency and period by vw=m or vw=f3L true False 15. A transverse wave has a disturbance perpendicular to its direction of propagation. whereas a longitudinal 1wave has a disturbance parallel to its direction of propagation. true False 1E. Superposition is the combination of two waves at the same location. true False 1?. Constructive interference occurs when two identical waves are superimposed in phase. Destructive interference occurs when two identical waves are superimposed exactly out of phase. true False 13. Nodes are points of no motion in standing waves while An antinode is the location of maximum amplitude ofa standing wave. true False 19. Beats occur when waves of similar frequencies f1 and f2 are superimposed. The resulting amplitude oscillates with a beat frequency:r given by: fB=|f1-f2|. true False 2t}. Intensity is dened to be the power per unit area: 1:wa and has units of me2. true False Homework-5 Please solve all questions by due date to get the full credit 1. What is the force constant for the suspension system of a car that settles 1.20 cm when an 80.0-kg person gets in? 2. We can use a toy gun's spring mechanism to ask and answer two simple questions: (a) How much energy is stored in the spring of a toy gun that has a force constant of 50.0 N/m and is compressed 0.150 m? (b) If you neglect friction and the mass of the spring, at what speed will a 2.00-g projectile be ejected from the gun? 3. (a) A medical imaging device produces ultrasound by oscillating with a period of 0.400 us. What is the frequency of this oscillation? (b) The frequency of middle C on a typical musical instrument is 264 Hz. What is the time for one complete oscillation? 4. Calculate the frequency and period of these oscillations for such a car if the car's mass (including its load) is 900 kg and the force constant (k) of the suspension system is 6.53x104N/m6.53x104N/m. 5. What is the acceleration due to gravity in a region where a simple pendulum having a length 75.000 cm has a period of 1.7357 s? 6. Suppose that a car is 900 kg and has a suspension system that has a force constant k=6.53x104N/m. The car hits a bump and bounces with an amplitude of 0.100 m. What is its maximum vertical velocity if you assume no damping occurs?.Quiz Test-10 Select the True of False? 1. An oscillation is a back and forth motion of an object between two points of deformation. The simplest type of oscillations and waves are related to systems that can be described by Hooke's law: F= kx, where F is the restoring force, x is the displacement from equilibrium or deformation, and k is the force constantof the system. True False 2. Elastic potential energy Peel stored in the deformation of a system that can be described by Hooke's law is given by: P Eel: [1/2]kx2- True False 3. Periodic motion is a repetitious oscillation. The time for one oscillation is the period T. The number of oscillations per unit time is the frequency f. These quantitles are related by: f: 1 fT. True False 4. Simple harmonic motion ls oscillatory motion for a system that can be described only by Hooke's law. Such a system is also called a simple harmonlc oscillator. True False 5. Maximum displacement is the amplitude X. The period T and frequency fof a simple harmonic oscillator are given by: T 2 m 1 \\/ r.- where m is the = _ d = _ _ mass of the system. Tr\\/ it an f 2* m True False 5. A mass m suspended by a wire of length L is a simple pendulum and undergoes simple harmonic motion for amplitudes less than about 15..The period of a simple ,_ 2' l5 pendulum is: l-' 9 where L is the length of the string and g is the acceleration due to gravity, True False 7. Energy in the simple harmonic oscillator is shared between elastic potential energy and kinetic energy, with the total being constant: 1 2 1 2 True 2 m1} + 2 km : constant False 8. Maximum velocity depends on three factors: it is directly proportional to amplitude, lt is greater for stiffer systems, and it is smaller for objects that have larger masses: k True Unlax X m False 9. A projection of unlform circular motion undergoes simple harmonic osclllation, True False 10. Damped harmonic oscillators have non-conservative forces that dissipate their energy. True False 11. A system's natural frequency is the frequency at which the system will oscillate if not affected by driving or damping forces. True False 12. A periodic force driving a harmonic oscillator at its natural frequency produces resonance. The system is said to resonate. True False 1a. A wave ls a disturbance that moves from the polnt of creation with a wave veiocity VW. A wave has a wavelength A, which is the distance between adjacent identical parts of the wave. True False Quiz Test-9 Select the True of False? 1. The 2nd law of thermodynamics is given as AEint=Q-W where AEint is the change in internal energy of a system, Q is the net heat transfer (the sum of all heat transfer into and out of the system), and W is the net work done (the sum of all work done on or by the system). True False 2. The internal energy Eint of a system depends only on the state of the system and not how it reached that state. True False 3. If the work done is performed on the outside environment, work (W) will be a positive value. If the work done is done to the heat engine system, work (W) will be a negative value. True False 4. Per 2nd law of thermodynamics: Heat transfer occurs spontaneously from higher- to lower- temperature bodies but never spontaneously in the reverse direction;. True False 5. Per 2nd law of thermodynamics: It is impossible in any system for heat transfer from a reservoir to completely convert to work in a cyclical process in which the system returns to its initial state. True False 6. Irreversible processes depend on path and do return to their original state. True False 7. Cyclical processes are processes that return to their original state at the end of every cycle. True False 8. In a cyclical process, such as a heat engine, the net work done by the system equals the net heat transfer into the system, or W=Qh-Qc, where Qh is the heat transfer from the hot object (hot reservoir), and Qc is the heat transfer into the cold object (cold reservoir). True False 9. Efficiency can be expressed as Eff=w/Q: the ratio of work output divided by the amount of energy input. True False 10. The four-stroke gasoline engine is often explained in terms of the Otto cycle, which is a repeating sequence of processes that convert heat into work. True False 11. The Carnot cycle is a theoretical cycle that is the most efficient cyclical process possible. Any engine using the Carnot cycle, which uses only reversible processes (adiabatic and isothermal), is known as a Carnot engine. True False 12. Any engine that uses the Carnot cycle enjoys the maximum theoretical efficiency. True False 13. While Carnot engines are ideal engines, in reality, no engine achieves Carnot's theoretical maximum efficiency. True False 14. A refrigerator is a heat pump; it takes warm ambient air and expands it to chill it. True False 15. Entropy is the loss of energy available to do work. True False 16. The 2nd law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a system either increases or remains constant; it never decreases. True False 17. Entropy is zero in a reversible process; it increases in an irreversible process and disorder is far more likely than order, which can be seen statistically. True False 18. The ultimate fate of the universe is likely to be thermodynamic equilibrium, where the universal temperature is constant and no energy is available to do work. True False 19. Entropy is also associated with the tendency toward order in a closed system. True False 20. The entropy of a system in a given state (a macrostate) can be written as: S=kinW, where k=1.38x10-23J/K is Boltzmann's constant, and InW is the natural logarithm of the number of microstates W corresponding to the given macrostate. True False7. Calculate the wave velocity of the ocean wave it the distance between wave crests is 10.0 m and the time for a sea gull to bob up and down is 5.00 s. 8. The average intensity of sunlight on Earth's surface is about 700W/m2 (a) Calculate the amount of energy that falls on a solar collector having an area of 0.500m2 in 4.00h (b) what intensity would such sunlight have if concentrated by a magnifying glass onto an area 200 times smaller than its own? 9. (a) Suppose there is heat transfer of 40.00 J to a system, while the system does 10.00 J of work. Later, there is heat transfer of 25.00 J out of the system while 4.00 J of work is done on the system. What is the net change in internal energy of the system? (b) What is the change in internal energy of a system when a total of 150.00 J of heat transfer occurs out of (from) the system and 159.00 J of work is done on the system? Isobaric 10. Calculate the total work done in the cyclical process ABCDA as in Fig. (b) by the following two methods to verify that work equals the area inside the closed loop on the P diagram. (Take the data in the figure to be precise to three Isochoric significant figures.) (a) Calculate the work done along each segment of the path and add these values to get the total work. (b) Calculate the area inside the (a) rectangle ABCDA. P41.5 x 10' Nim I - W. + W. 2 x 10" Mm c V AV = 500 cm P t w - area inside loop