142 PART III SKILL SETS AND KNOWLEDGE SETS FOR CONDUCTING NEGOTIATIONS AND MEDIATIONS 2. In a society that is male dominated (that Is, patriarchal). close friends and certainly no Filipino friends. Her Roman do we tend to see male qualities as preferable and Catholic faith has sustained her during her difficult times, a path to success? Are female qualities devalued but Arthur, who has no religious affiliations, is not supportive accordingly? How might we address this problem and of her attending mass and she is rarely allowed to, much to enrich both negotiation and mediation in the process? her dismay. Her faith and her allegiance to her family in the 3. How can assessing the disputants on the basis of Philippines, who arranged her marriage in the hope that it culture and gender help in the pre-mediation process would bring her a better life, have contributed to her staying of conflict analysis? with Arthur longer than she might have otherwise. But while 4. Are female mediators likely to approach the process of she believes she has a moral and familial duty to stay with mediation differently than their male counterparts do? Arthur, she Is unhappy to the point of desperation. About a In what ways are their techniques likely to be different? year ago, she confided to her sister in a letter that she was What are likely to be the strengths and weaknesses of thinking of leaving. She has not heard from any of her family members since. each gender's approach? 5. Consider how interests, in the context of negotiation Power Analysis and mediation, may vary according to the culture of the At first glance, it may appear that there is a significant power disputant. For instance, Western culture highly values imbalance between Arthur and Costancia. Is this, In fact, the freedom of expression; another may see modest dress case? Try to determine how much of the various types of as all Important. A culture of religious fundamentalism power each party possesses. will regard the freedom of religion prized in the West Assuming a total of 10 points for each type of power, as a bad thing. How could a clear understanding of the allocate the appropriate number of points to Costancia and deep cultural differences between two disputants help Arthur. Total the two columns at the bottom of the sheet. you prepare for a negotiation or mediation? Costancia Arthur Legitimate power The Mail-Order Bride Expert power Costancia Reyes, 22 years of age, has been married to Arthur Coercive power Stratton, 57, for the past six years. Costancia is what is often Reward power referred to as a mail-order bride. She was born and raised Referent power in the Philippines and had not been outside of her native Network power country until her family and the agents working on Arthur's Information power behalf arranged for her to emigrate to Canada in order Resource power to become his wife. The two had never met prior to their TOTAL marriage. Arthur is a successful insurance broker and has Consider the following: many friendships and interests outside of work. Costancia is, for the most part, excluded from that part of Arthur's life. 1. Is there an insurmountable imbalance of power Arthur expects her to be what he approvingly terms a trad- between Arthur and Costancial itional wife. This means that she cooks, cleans, manages the 2. Does one party have more of some types of power than household, and caters to Arthur as he sees fit. They do not the other does? have any children. 3. How would you, as a mediator, create a better balance Recently, Costancla has considered leaving Arthur. She of power between Arthur and Costancia? Is this finds her situation Intolerable. Her financial dependence possible? upon him is total. She lives in a suburb of Toronto, near Arthur's office, that has no Filipino community, Costancia 4. What skills would you use to shift the focus of the has friendly relations with a couple of neighbours but no parties from power to Interests