[1:49 AM, 4/12/2021] Eduh Amash: In September 2015, Volkswagen AG's crisis over allegedly cheating on U.S. emissions tests deepened, with the German auto maker halting American sales of popular diesel-powered cars and issuing a sweeping apology for violating customers' trust. It also launched an external investigation. Shares in the company slumped more than 20% in early trading Monday in response to the crisis. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) accused Volkswagen AG of deliberately dodging air-pollution rules on nearly half a million cars sold since 2008, furthering an Obama administration crackdown on auto makers suspected of flouting regulations intended to reduce tailpipe emissions. Within two days of the EPA disclosure, Volkswagen made an admission that it did in fact cheat on US emissions tests. The company could now face billions of dollars in fines and the crisis weakened Volkswagen Chief Executive Martin Winterkorn's position. Winterkorn initially narrowly survived efforts by a major shareholder to oust him earlier last year and was passed over for the chairman's job, the company's top post. Eventually the Board forced Winterkorn's resignation from his post with the company.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which on Friday September 18, 2015 unveiled the allegations with the California Air Resources Board, alleged the German auto maker used software in the cars to get around government emissions tests. EPA officials said the software, dubbed a "defeat device," made about 482,000 Volkswagen diesel-powered cars appear cleaner running than they were. The Clean Air Act requires vehicle manufacturers to disclose design information to receive certification that their products meet federal air-pollution standards. Officials alleged that Volkswagen used software that activates full emissions controls only during testing but then reduces their effectiveness during normal driving. The result is that cars can emit nitrogen oxides at up to 40 times the allowable standard, the agency said. Diesel-powered cars are a small part of overall U.S. car and light-truck sales. U.S. officials said Volkswagen violated two parts of the federal Clean Air Act and could face sizable financial penalties of up to $37,500 per car, or more than $18 billion. It remained unclear whether the government would seek such an onerous penalty. The EPA in November 2014 hit South Korean auto makers Hyundai Motor Co. and Kia Motors Corp. with a record $100 million penalty for overstating fuel-economy claims and forced the companies to cough up another $200 million in regulatory credits. It remains unclear who at Volkswagen ordered the software be installed on the engines, at what point in time, and who covered it up for so long.

Nonetheless, the company suspended nine managers who are suspected of being involved in the fraud, but Volkswagen asserts that it remains unclear if all or any of them were guilty of wrongdoing. Two of the top engineers amongst the group Ulrich Hackenberg and Wolfgang Hatz resigned after pressures from the board and stockholders. These two long-term senior VW engineers had been considered the best engineers in the global auto industry

"There was not one single mistake, but rather a chain of errors that was never broken," as reported by Mr. Ptsch, who until the crisis broke, was the company's chief finance officer. He insisted that the company still believed a small group of employees carried out the deception. The company's internal audit found no evidence to suggest that members of the executive board or supervisory board were involved in the diesel fraud. He said the roots of the deception were the "misconduct and shortcomings of individual employees," insufficient internal processes to detect such fraud, and "a mind-set in some areas of the company that tolerated breaches of rules."

1)How did VW cheat in the scandal?

2)Sort through and identify the ethical issues embedded in the case study

3)Analyze the case situation with purpose of identifying approaches to resolve the ethical dilemma and issues presented by the case.

[1:49 AM, 4/12/2021] Eduh Amash: A matrix of 32-bit integers, x[512][32] (i.e. 512 rows with 32 elements per row) resides at memory address 3EA4000 on a machine with a virtual memory system that employs a page size of 8192 bytes. Assume that the amount of physical memory available to contain pages from the matrix is 32768 bytes, and that an LRU page replacement algorithm is used.Initially, all page map table entries are invalid (i.e., none of the required pages are in memory). The following high level nested loops are used to add the constant 1 to each element in the matrix:

for (j = 0; j

for (k = 0; k

}

a) Considering only the page faults generated in referencing the matrix (i.e., ignoring those that might result from instructi...

[1:49 AM, 4/12/2021] Eduh Amash: Translate the C code into a PEP/9 assembly language program that displays two types of triangles of a user chosen height.

#include

void print_n_chars(char c, int n) {

for(int i = 0; i

printf("%c", c);

}

}

void print_triangle_1(int height) {

for(int row = 0; row

print_n_chars('*', row+1);

printf(" ");

}

}

void print_triangle_2(int height) {

for(int row = 0; row

print_n_chars(' ', row);

print_n_chars('*', height-row);

printf(" ");

}

}

int main(void) {

int height, type;

printf("Enter a height: ");

scanf("%d", &height);

if(height

printf("Invalid triangle height ");

goto done;

}

printf("Which triangle (1 or 2)? ");

scanf("%d", &type);

if(type == 1) ...

which extends k- - Nearest Neighbors by learning to compress your training dataset * :down in size Support vector machines O Classification and regression trees O Learning Vector Quantization O k-Nearest Neighborsguess: logistic regression model with one independent variable. if an X increases by 1 (holding the other variables constant), indicates the. - log of the odds of a success - increase in the avg value of X - percentage change in the odds chance of a success ques6: regression tree allows the creation of confidence intervals without using a hold out sample. - creating an F test on a bootstrapping a sample Finding the exact value of a population parameter( Hint: This is exactly the wrong answer) - using regression on a gues7: If you know the values of a quantitative Y and five quantitative X's, then in an attempt to predict Y you can use . if you have a linear model and if you do not: Regression Trees, Logistic Regression Regression, Neural Networks - Exponential Smoothing, Moving Averages - Classification Trees, Regression Trees guess: if you have a simple linear regression equation but the slope has the wrong sign, what could cause this? - Multicollinearity - A logarithmic Effect - Influential Points - Positively Correlated Residuals gues9: There are three problems mentioned in the notes about using regression in time series analysis. One of the three can be remedied if you _ Estimate and use the multicollinearity - Use a test of the wind direction - Transform the dependent variable - Use the test of equal meansProblem 4.4 of Sparke & Gallagher: Show that the Sun exerts a greater gravitational force on the Moon than the Earth does. Calculate the Jacobi (or Hill, or Roche!) radius for the Earth-Sun system, and show that the semimajor axis of the Moon's orbit is smaller than the Jacobi radius this is why the Moon remains bound to the Earth.Question 2. Use Jacobi and Gauss Seidel iterations to find xk. start with Xo = [0 1 0 3], for the system. X1 + 3X3 2x2 +5X4 4x| +3x3 = 6x2 + 3x4 = a. How many iteration did Jacobi method obtained? b. How many iteration did Guass - Seidel method obtained? C. Which is the best method