15. An inductive effect refers to the movement of electrons through A. bonds B. xorbitals C. o bonds 16. Meta-directing groups 17. tive to o/p directing groups. A. increase B. decrease C. have no effect on is deactivating and o/p directing. - A. -H B. -Cl C. -OH D. -NO 18. The carboxylic acid group in benzoic acid directs an incoming electrophile to the position(s). A. ortho B. meta C. para D. ortho and para the rate of electrophilic substitution reactions rela- 19. The nitro group in nitrobenzene directs an incoming electrophile to the position(s). A. ortho B. meta C. para D. ortho and para 20. The bromo group in bromobenzene directs an incoming electrophile to the position(s). A. ortho B. meta C. para D. ortho and para