15. The degree of reduction of each electron carrier in the respiratory chain is determined by conditions in the mitochondrion. The status of the electron carriers under conditions of abundant NADH and O2, but with cyanide added, would be: A. All electron carriers would be oxidized, B. All electron carriers would be reduced, C. Electron carriers prior to cytochrome c would be reduced while those after cytochrome c would be oxidized, D. Electron carriers prior to cytochrome c would be oxidized but those after cytochrome c would be reduced, E. Cyanide would have no effect on the state of reduction or oxidation of the electron carriers. Answer 16. Acetyl CoA is: A. An alcohol, B. A thiol, C. An ester, D. A thioester. Answer 17. Below is an oxygen electrode trace in which the oxygen consumption of isolated mitochondria is measured when they are incubated in the presence of succinate and inorganic phosphate. 100 ADP * x_ UNCOURER [o] o Identify "X" from the following list of compounds T A. Oligomycin (inhibitor of adenine nucleotice translocase), B. Cyanide (inhibitor of Complex IV) C. Rotenone (inhibitor of Complex 1) D. Antimycin A (inhibitor of Complex III) E. Valinomycin (potassium ionophore) Answer 18. Identify the Incorrect statement concerning Thermogenin. A. Thermogenin is an inhibitor of the ATP Synthetase B. Thermogenin provides an alternative route for protons to enter the mitochondria and collapse the proton gradient C. Thermogenin is found in brown adipose tissue, D. Thermogenin provides heat during arousal from hibernation