16. According to the late Edward L. Bernays and other advocates, licensing is necessary to preserve the wellbeing of society by doing which one of the following?

A. Regulate the access to top posts in the field to the most senior practitioners

B. Exclude those who are not members of professional associations

C. Create an elite of public relations practitioners

D. Achieve better wages for licensed practitioners

E. Excluding those not properly qualified

17. Opponents of licensing for public relations practitioners raise what Constitutional issue(s) as the major obstacle(s) to state licensing in the United States?

A. Compelling state interest and freedom of expression

B. Freedom of individual choice protected by the Constitution

C. Differences in public relations practiced in one state compared to in another

D. Imposition of educational requirements and testing is unconstitutional

E. Tenth Amendment forbids regulation of occupations and admission to practice

18. The argument that licensing would professionalize the practice has no legal basis because:

A. Controversy is not sufficient cause to regulate a practice

B. Licensing cannot be imposed simply for the benefit of an occupational group

C. There simply is no valid and reliable way to test those entering the practice

D. It is not constitutional to impose educational requirements and testing

E. The Tenth Amendment forbids regulation of occupations and admission to practice