16)______________ allows a firm to tailor its products to meet the needs of customers in each market, although it may sacrifice cost efficiencies by doing so.

Focus

Cost concentration

Standardization

Customization

17)The primary cause of expatriate failure is _____________.

lack of knowledge of the host market

hostility of local employees to foreign managers

lack of technical expertise by host-country nationals

lack of leadership skills by the manager

the inability of the manager and his or her family to adjust to the new locale

18)According to the text, employees in ______________ cultures have a strong desire for structure and direction.

individualistic

collectivistic

uncertainty accepting

uncertainty avoiding

19)If Hewlett-Packard (a U.S. firm) buys microchips from Intel (also a U.S. firm) to use in manufacturing computers and then exports those completed computers to Europe, Intel's chips have been ______________.

directly exported

subsidized

intracorporate transferred

indirectly exported

diversified

20)____________ is/are selling the right to use intellectual properties such as patents, copyrights, brand names or trademark to another firm.

Joint ventures

Franchising

Licensing

Turnkey operations

Management contracts