16. Show that each conditional statement in Exercise 12 is a tautology by applying a chain of logical identities as in Example 8. (Do not use truth tables.) a) [p(pq)]q EXAMPLE 8 how that (pq)(pq) is a tautology. Solution: To show that this statement is a tautology, we will use logical equivalences to demon strate that it is logically equivalent to T. (Note: This could also be done using a truth table.) (pq)(pq)(pq)(pq)(pq)(pq)(pp)(qq)TTTbyExample1andthecommutativebyExample3bythefirstDeMorganlawbytheassociativeandcommutativelawsfordisjunctionlawfordisjunction