16. The most effective way to increase the productivity of labor would be to (LO4) a) increase capital JUGIsa b) increase labor c) lower capital d) shift workers from white-collar work to blue- collar work 17. Capital and labor are factors of production. (LO5) a) substitute b) complementary c) both complementary and substitute d) neither complementary nor substitute 18. Automation will raise the level of employment if the (L05) a) output effect is equal to the substitution effect b) output effect is greater than the substitution effect c) substitution effect is greater than the output effect