18. (15 points) Par Company produces upscale golf bags and has determined the following direct cost categories and budgeted amounts: Budget Cost Budget Inputs Category per unit Direct Materials 3.20 lbs. Direct Labor 4.0 hours Budgeted output 4,500 units per input $7.50 per lb. $15.00 per hr. Actual performance for the company is shown below: Actual output: (in units) 4,000 Direct Materials (DM): DM pounds purchased and used 11,700 Actual price per pound $8.25 Direct Manufacturing Labor (DL): Actual DL price per hour $15.85 Actual DL cost $268,816 a. Calculate the direct materials price, efficiency and flexible budget variances. b. Provide a possible cause or driver for the direct materials price variance. Be specific. C. Calculate the direct labor price, efficiency, and flexible budget variances.