1a.) What is the link if any between freer trade and the Environmental Kuznets Curve?

b) Define what is meant by the factor endowment hypothesis, pollution haven hypothesis and the pollution haven effect

c) Define the scale effect, composition effect, and technique effects associated with pollutionin the empirical relationship called the Environmental Kuznets Curve.

d) Is it possible for externalities to affect the gains from trade in a country such that there are no longer net social welfare gains from trade liberalization in that country? How could multinational companies affect the gains from trade in individual countries? Provide at least two examples.

e.) What is the link, if any, between globalization and the Environmental Kuznets Curve?

2.) Is free trade fair? Why or why not? Does the fairness or lack of fairness of free trade justify impeding trade liberalization?Is fair trade fair? Why or why not? Is the concept of fairness the same for all individuals, cultures? How might this impact on free trade negotiations?

3.) Mandatory labeling of genetically modified plants and animals (GMOs) is becoming increasingly contentious in international trade agreements. In Canada and the US the relevant policy is voluntary labeling of GMOs. Identify one pro and one con for each of mandatory and voluntary labeling. In trade agreements between the US and the EU, the EU wanted to require mandatory labeling of GMOs - why might the US resist? Should the US agree?