1.As a future worker, explain the potential costs and benefits to you of obtaining highly-specialized training from a particular firm.*

2.What are the main reasons why women frequently invested less in-on-the-job training than men? What changed this tendency?* What government or employer policies would be likely to accelerate this change?

3.It is claimed that employers are reluctant to hire women for some jobs because of their higher expected quit rates. Assuming women are more likely to quit, use human capital theory to explain what kind of jobs an employer would be especially reluctant to hire women for. Explain the reasons for the employer's reluctance.* How valid do you think such employer assumptions about women are today?

4.Why do you think have women been eager to move into men's occupations? Why do you think men generally show less enthusiasm about moving into women's occupations?

5.Explain why the female-male earnings ratio is likely to be higher for full-time, year-round workers than for all workers.

6.What has been the trend in the gender gap in unionization rates? How have differences in the sectors where men and women are employed contributed to the trends?

7.It is noted in the text that there are a number of reasons why women might find self-employment attractivewhat are those reasons? Yet women are less likely to be self-employed than menwhy do you think that is the case?

8.What is nonstandard work? Which types of nonstandard work are women especially likely to be concentrated in? Is nonstandard work positively or negatively associated with workers' wages?