1.For the following cases, determine whether the sampling is dependent or independent: a.In a test of manual dexterity, volunteers are asked to twist a small rod with either their dominant hand or their non-dominant hand (selected at random). Then they repeat the procedure with their other hand. The purpose of the test is to determine which hand can spin the rod faster.

b.A person's protein requirement is the amount of protein they must consume in a day to maintain a stable weight, muscle mass, etc. A group of researchers wanted to know if the protein requirement of young adults is the same as the protein requirement of elderly adults. The protein requirements of 21 young and 19 elderly volunteers were determined. (Source: Campbell, et. al., Dietary protein requirements of younger and older adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008.)

c.A group of fifth graders at Eastside Elementary School were randomly divided into two groups. Students in Group A were given a traditional presentation on the dangers of drug use. Students in Group B received a traditional drug abuse prevention presentation, but they also took a field trip to the county jail. At the end of the unit, the students were asked to indicate on a scale of 1 to 100, the likelihood that they would ever use illegal drugs. School officials wanted to assess the effectiveness of the field trip as a drug abuse prevention tool.

d.A group of seventh graders at Jefferson Middle School were given a presentation on the dangers of drug use. Both before and after the presentation, the students were asked to indicate (on a scale of 1 to 100) the likelihood that they would ever use illegal drugs in the future. School officials wanted to assess the effectiveness of the presentation as a drug abuse prevention tool.

2.With the high cost of fuel, airlines are trying many things to save money. Continental is using smaller planes on its nonstop flights from Northern Europe to the Eastern United States. As a consequence, when there is a strong headwind, these flights use more fuel than usual. A greater proportion of these "nonstop" flights are, out of necessity, stopping for fuel. When Continental used a smaller plane, the flight had to stop for fuel on 43 out of 1100 flights. When Continental used a larger plane for this route, they stopped for fuel on 12 of the 1100 flights. Do larger planes make unscheduled stops less frequently?a.Is this a dependent or independent sample?

b.What is the result of the appropriate hypothesis test, using the= 0.05 level of significance?

3.Seven volunteers taking the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) allowed nurses to measure their pulse rate (heart rate) just prior to the start of the half-day test and at the end of the half-day test. Researchers wanted to determine if the heart rates of the students were greater prior to the start of the exam. The results are summarized in the table.Assume the data is normal with no outliers.

a.Why are these matched pairs data?

b.Conduct a hypothesis test to determine if the mean pulse rate of the students greater at the beginning of the exam than at the end? Use the= 0.05 level of significance.

4.A person's protein requirement is the amount of protein they must consume in a day to maintain a stable weight, muscle mass, etc. A group of researchers wanted to know if the mean protein requirement (in grams of protein per day per kilogram of body weight) is the same for young adult males and females. The protein requirement of 10 males and 11 females was determined. The protein requirements of the subjects are given below.Normal probability plots indicate that the data are approximatelynormaland boxplots indicate that there are no outliers. (Data based on summary statistics inCampbellWW, et. al., Dietary protein requirements of younger and older adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008.)

Males: 0.74, 0.76, 0.59, 0.44, 0.46, 0.51, 0.63, 0.29, 0.43, 0.59

Females: 0.82, 0.80, 0.68, 0.51, 0.54, 0.63, 0.70, 0.80, 0.49, 0.74, 0.62

a.Is there a difference in the mean protein requirement of young adult males and females? Use= 0.01

5.Do people walk faster in the airport when they are departing or arriving? Findings are displayed in the table below.Normal probability plots indicate that the data are approximately normal, and boxplots indicate that there are no outliers.

	Departure	Arrival
Mean speed (ft/min)	260	269
Standard Deviation (ft/min)	53	34
Sample Size	35	35

a.Is this independent or dependent?

b.Do individuals walk at different speeds depending on whether they are arriving or departing at thelevel of significance.