1.Taxation policies in developing countries are punitive leading to increased poverty. Discuss

2.Issues of efficiency and fairness often get intertwined in complex ways. Use the perspective on the principles of taxation discuss the appropriateness of:

a)Taxes on fuel to maintain the roads

b)Subsidies in public education

c)Polluter pays principle in which those who cause pollution have to pay for its clean-up.

3.Consider a country debating on how to finance emergency road and bridge improvement. Among the possibilities are increased fees on drives' licences, a property tax on motor vehicles, a tax on automobiles parts and a higher tax on cigarettes and alcohol. Which of these taxes are?

a)Benefit taxes. (Explain your answer).

b)The least distorting taxes. (Explain your answer).

4.Write short notes on the methodology of public expenditure.