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1.The following data are available for Ruggles Company for the year ended September 30, 2011. Sales:24,000 units at Php50 each Expected and actual production:30,000 units

1.The following data are available for Ruggles Company for the year ended September 30, 2011.

Sales:24,000 units at Php50 each

Expected and actual production:30,000 units

Manufacturing costs incurred:

Variable:Php525,000

Fixed:Php372,000

Nonmanufacturing costs incurred:

Variable:Php144,800

Fixed:Php77,400

Beginning inventories:none

Required:

a.Determine operating income using the variable-costing approach.

b.Determine operating income using the absorption-costing approach.

c.Explain why operating income is not the same under the two approaches.

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