1.We want to see if there is a relationship between the top 10 [ranked] snowiest winters in Boston, MA and the top 10 [ranked] negative NAO Index Values.Assuming the test is statistically significant, and we calcluated a Spearman value of -0.873 what does this tell us?

A.That there is a strong, negative relationship between the two ranked variables

B.That there is a strong, positive relationship between the two ranked variables

C.That there is a weak, positive relationship between the two ranked variables

D.That there is a weak, negative relationship between the two ranked variables

2.Pick the strongest Spearman correlation coefficient from the list below [the one which demonstrates the strongest relationship between the variables tested]:

A.0.235

B.0.596

C.0.814

D.-0.973

3.A Pearson correlation regarding the possible effect of poverty on the death rate from hyperthermia in the Chicago, 1995 Heat Wave was conducted.The result was a moderate, negative relationship (r = - 0.53) between mean annual income and death rate from heat for each city block.Mean annual income was used a proxy for the decedent's ability to afford air conditioning and likelihood that this person lived in the poorer inner city districts (where most of the deaths occurred).Which of the following is TRUE regarding this study?

A.The dependent variable (y) is death rate while the independent variable (x) is mean annual income. In general, as mean annual income goes down, a corresponding decrease in death rate from heat in that event was found.

B.The dependent variable (x) is death rate while the independent variable (y) is mean annual income.In general, as mean annual income goes down, a corresponding decrease in death rate from heat in that event was found.

C.The dependent variable (y) is death rate while the independent variable (x) is mean annual income. In general, as mean annual income goes down, a corresponding increase in death rate from heat in that event was found.

D.The dependent variable (x) is death rate while the independent variable (y) is mean annual income.In general, as mean annual income goes down, a corresponding increase in death rate from heat in that event was found.

4.Your Spearman correlation coefficient is -0.88.What does this tell you?

A.There is a strong, positive relationship between the variables. As variable X increases, variable Y increases.

B.There is a strong, negative relationship between the variables. As variable X increases, variable Y decreases.

C.There is a weak, negative relationship between the variables. As variable X decreases, variable Y decreases.

D.There is a weak, negative relationship between the variables. As variable X increases, variable Y decreases.

E.There must have been an error in the calculation. A negative number is not permitted and therefore cannot be interpreted.

5.You want to perform a Spearman correlation between hurricane Saffir-Simpson category and dollar damages (in thousands of dollars at 2019 dollar value).Before you proceed in your calculations you must FIRST:

A.convert Saffir-Simpson category to interval/ratio level data [pressure in millibars, wind speed in knots etc.]

B.square the data to reflect its non-linear relationship

C.rank the dollar damages data

D.make sure all data are normally distributed

E.you cannot use Spearman with non-ordinal level data

6.Which of the following is the FIRST step in deciding between using the Spearman and the Pearson correlation coefficient:

A.check the significance level [1% vs 5%]

B.determine the type of test: one-tailed vs two-tailed

C.count the number of observations in the data sets

D.identify the level of measurement of the data being tested

E.determine whether you want to find causation or use the correlation coefficient to predict future outcomes based on available data