1.What are the ethical implications of using model organisms (e.g., Aspergillus nidulans, slime moulds, C. elegans, Arabidopsis, Drosophila and mice) and humans to further scientific understandings of anatomy and physiology.

2. Model organisms such as bacteria (E. coli), flowering plants (A.thaliana), and yeast (S. cerevisiae) are used to represent human processes.

Why do scientists argue that the use of animal models is necessary despite having non-animal model organisms?

2. Discuss First Nations and Mtis perspectives regarding the use of living things for scientific research.