1-What three main issues are of interest to developmental psychologists?

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a

influence of nature vs. nurture, gradual vs. continuous development, and stability vs. instability of personality traits

b

biology vs. learning, assimilation vs. accommodation, and intimacy vs. isolation

c

identity vs. role confusion, nature vs. nurture, and stability vs. instability of personality traits

d

gradual vs. continuous development, industry vs. inferiority, and influence of nature vs. nurture

2-How does exposure to positive and negative external stimuli impact neonatal development?

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a

Exposure to external stimuli does not impact neonatal development

b

Exposure to positive stimuli detracts from motor and brain development

c

Exposure to negative stimuli promotes motor and brain development

d

Exposure to negative stimuli detracts from motor and brain development

3-What skills are babies born with, and how do these skills help them?

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a

Moving of head and limbs, sucking, and crying that facilitate caregiver responsiveness

b

Moving of head and limbs, laughing, and crying that facilitate caregiver responsiveness

c

Moving of head and limbs, talking, and crying that facilitate caregiver responsiveness

d

Moving of head and limbs, talking, and laughing that facilitate caregiver responsiveness

4-What physical and cognitive changes take place in infancy and childhood?

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a

Increase in coordinated motor skills and development of schemas

b

Decrease in coordinated motor skills and development of hypothetical reasoning

c

Increase in coordinated motor skills and loss of memory function

d

Decrease in coordinated motor skills and development of object permanence

5-What are the different attachment types, and how do they impact later relationships?

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a

insecure and secure; later relationships are seen as safe, later relationships are seen as unsafe

b

secure and insecure; later relationships are seen as safe, later relationships are seen as unsafe

c

assimilated and accommodated; later relationships are seen as safe, later relationships are seen as unsafe

d

accommodated and assimilated; later relationships are seen as unsafe, later relationships are seen as safe

6-What are the parenting styles, and how do children's traits relate to them?

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a

indulgent parenting results in children who are independent and responsible

b

authoritarian parenting results in children who are independent and impulsive

c

Authoritative parenting results in children who are independent and socially competent

d

Neglectful parenting results in children who are socially competent and responsible

7-How is adolescence defined, and what physical and cognitive changes mark this period?

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a

a period between infancy and childhood in which physical and cognitive development decline

b

a period between middle and older adulthood in which physical and cognitive development decline

c

a period between childhood and adulthood in which puberty and abstract thinking develop

d

a period between childhood and adulthood in which motor skills and conservation thinking develops

8-How do parents and peers influence adolescents?

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a

parents do not influence adolescents, while peers encourage exploration

b

peers do not influence adolescents, while parents encourage exploration

c

parents inform identity development, while peers encourage conformity

d

the bond with parents often informs the quality of peer relationships

9-What is emerging adulthood?

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a

a developmental stage in which puberty occurs

b

a developmental stage in which people tend to have children

c

a developmental stage in which people are transitioning between adolescence and a more settled adulthood

d

a developmental stage in which people begin to decline physically

10-What changes occur in physical development and abilities throughout adulthood?

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a

Physical abilities, such as motor skills and strength, peak and then decline

b

Physical abilities, such as motor skills and strength, decline

c

Physical abilities, such as crawling and walking, peak and then decline

d

Physical abilities, such as crawling and walking, decline

11-What Eriksonian stage of identity development is thought to occur during adulthood?

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a

identity vs. role confusion

b

trust vs. mistrust

c

intimacy vs. isolation

d

industry vs. inferiority

12-How do marriage and employment impact our development in adulthood?

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a

They can propel us to increase personal responsibility and improve life satisfaction

b

They tend to make people stay in school longer

c

They tend to result in unhappiness and poor health

d

They make us have children

13-What physical changes take place during middle and late adulthood?

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a

Our physical strength and speed improves

b

Our reproductive ability decreases

c

Our sensory abilities improve

d

Our tendency to become sick or injured decreases

14How do cognition and memory change with age?

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a

Short term memory becomes worse while long term memory remains stable

b

Long term memory becomes worse while short term memory improves

c

Processing speed improves while memory declines

d

Processing speed declines while memory improves

15-How do social relationships change with age?

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a

People tend to develop many new relationships

b

Relationships become more superficial

c

Relationships tend to become fewer in number but more satisfactory

d

People give up past relationships as part of a mid-life crisis