2) Agency Costs of Debt (Senior and Pari Passu Debt) Consider a firm that exists in a world with two periods (time and time 1) and two equally likely states of the world at time 1. At time the firm's securities are traded. At time 1 the state is revealed. In the up-state the firm's assets are worth $120 and in the down-state they are worth $40. The firm has debt outstanding with a face value of $60. Assume that the required rate of return is zero and investors are risk neutral. a) Compute the market value of debt, equity and the total market value of the company at a time 0. b) Suppose that the company issues some additional debt with a face value of $40. This debt is pari passu (equal priority) with respect to the existing debt and the proceeds are invested in a zero NPV riskless project (i.e., the money is put in a safe box). How much money is the company able to raise with this debt issue? c) How much did the value of the old debt change? Why? d) How much did the value of equity change? Why? e) Instead, suppose that the company will invest in a zero NPV but risky project. In particular assume that if the firm invests an additional $15 at time 0 it will receive $30 i the up-state but $0 in the down-state. Suppose you want to raise the $15 to undertake th investment issuing pari passu debt. What will be the face value of the new debt? f) How much did the value of the old debt change? Why? co g) How much did the value of equity change? Why? h) Suppose that you raise the $15 you need for the project with senior debt (i.e., debt se with respect to the existing one). What should be the face value of the new debt? i) How much did the value of the old debt change? Why? 1) How much did the value of equity change? Why? Damme boss blood of mail melden