$2.$ Assume there is a five$-$stages instruction pipeline $-$ Fetch $($F$),$ Decode $($D$),$ Fetch

Operand $($FO$),$ Execute $($E$)$ and Write $($W$)$ running in a microprocessor. Assume that

each stage requires one$-$time unit and no branch instruction is involved.

i$.$ By using formula, how many time units are needed to complete these FOUR

instructions with pipelining?

ii$.$ By using formula, calculate the total time required to execute FOUR instructions

without pipelining.

iii. Calculate the speedup factor for the same number of instructions.