2. Constant growth rates One of the most important components of stock valuation is a firm's estimated growth rate. Financial statements provide the information needed to estimate the growth rate. Consider this case: Robert Gillman, an equity research analyst at Gillman Advisors, believes in efficient markets. He has been following the mining industry for the past 10 years and needs to determine the constant growth rate thashe should use while valuing Pan Asia Mining Co. Robert has the following information available: Pan Asia Mining Co.'s stock (Ticker: PAMC) is trading at $13.75. The company has forecasted net income and book value of equity for the coming year to be $867,900 and $6,792,500, respectively. The company has also been paying dividends for the past eight years and has maintained a dividend payout ratio of 27.500000%. Based on this information, Robert's forecast of PAMC's growth rate in earnings and dividends should be: @ 5.27% 9.59% 17.57% 9.26% Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between earnings and dividends when all other factors are held constant? All else being equal, growth in dividends requires growth in earnings. Long-run earnings growth will decrease when firms retain earnings and reinvest them in the business. Retaining a higher percentage of earnings will result in a lower growth rate