2. Effects of rent control Rent controls force landlords to price apartments below the equilibrium price level. An immediate effect is a shortage (excess demand) of apartments, because the quantity of apartments demanded is greater than the quantity supplied at the regulated price. When cities prevent landlords from charging market rents, which of the following are common long-run outcomes? Check all that apply. O Black markets develop. Nonprice methods of rationing emerge. Efficient use of housing space results. O The future supply of rental housing units increases