2. Read the article "Family Dinners May Help Kids Cope With Cyberbullying" by Kathryn Doyle, which you can find at the following URL: https : / /tinyurl. com/yx8ffkvb. Kathryn Doyle summarizes research that can be found here: http://bit. ly/lunF9Ei. (a) (3 points) In 2-3 sentences briefly summarize what the researchers did and what they found. (b) (2 points) What are the explanatory and the response variables in this study? (c) (3 points) Is the study an observational study or an experiment? (d) (2 points) List two lurking variables that might prevent one from reaching a causal conclusion from the associations described in this study. (e) (2 points) List two problems besides the presence of lurking variables that would prevent one from reaching a causal conclusion based on the study. (f) (4 points) The paper summarized in the article can be found at the following URL: http://bit.ly/ lunF9Ei. Carefully read the abstract of the paper. Do the authors make a causal claim in the paper? Quote the relevant language in the abstract that helped you answer the previous question.3. Alex just joined an army unit with 6 other soldiers. The soldiers in his unit have the following number of years of service: 2, 6, 4, l, 11, 1,2. (a) (2 points) What is the venumber summary for the years of service? (b) (2 points) Is the distribution of the number of years of service left-skewed, right-skewed, or symmetric? How can you tell? (0) (2 points) Draw a boxplot for the values in this sample. 4. STATA question: Download the data set "formatted_teacherall.dta" from Courseworks and open it in STATA. The data set was used by Linden and Hanna to analyze the data following their experiment in grading discrimination. (a) (8 points) Summarize the variable math blind_score - the score a test received on the mathematics section when graded blindly. Show the STATA command and its output. What is the five number summary of this variable? (b) (2 points) Approximately how many papers received a math score larger than 31 when graded blindly? (c) (4 points) Is the distribution of this variable skewed left or right? How can you tell? (d) (6 points) Is the smallest value in the sample an outlier? How about the largest? (e) (6 points) Write a STATA command that shows the boxplot of the variable math_score - the score a test received on the mathematics section when graded by the teachers within the experiment. Show the STATA output. Write the five number summary of this variable. (f) (8 points) Write a STATA command that shows the relationship between the math blind score and the score received during the experiment. Show the STATA output. Interpet the scatterplot. (g) (6 points) What is the correlation coefficient between the two variables above? Show the STATA command and its output. What, if anything, does the value of the correlation coefficient tell you?5. STATA Exercise: In the paper \"Does Abolishing User Fees Lead to Improved Health Status? Evidence from Post-Apartheid South Africa\