2. Suppose a case-control study was conducted among men in the United States in order to find out whether a mothers use of hormones during pregnancy influenced her sons risk of developing testicular cancer later in life. Investigators selected 500 cases who were hospitalized for testicular cancer and 1000 controls. The study found that 75 cases mothers and 60 controls mothers had used hormones during pregnancy.

A. Set up the 2x2 table for these data

B. Calculate the odds ratio

C. State in words the interpretation of this odds ratio

D. Suppose that the investigators hire you as an epidemiologic consultant to help them design this study. What is the basic principle for control selection you would recommend? Briefly describe the source for the control group that you would advise them to select and one justification for your choice.

E. The investigators were not planning to document the response rate in controls to further enhance the efficiency of the study. What is one fundamental reason you would advise against this?

F. In this study you have a choice between choosing incident and prevalent cases of testicular cancer. Which would you choose? Give a reason to justify your answer.