2. The famous "Leaning Tower of Pisa" began to lean even while it was under construction in the 1170s. The table in the Excel spreadsheet for Worksheet 11 (second tab) shows the measured lean for the years 1975 through 1987: the distance in meters between where a particular point on the tower would be if the tower were straight and where it actually was.

a. Insert a scatter XY chart to display this data. Do not show a line or curve on your chart - only show the data points.

b. Insert the trendline line for this data and estimate (visually) what the lean was in the year 2000. To be able to do this, go to Add Chart Element - Trendline - Linear. Since our data approximates a line, a linear trendline is the best choice. (You will have to format the trendline and forecast forward to increase the graph to 2000. Double click on the trendline to bring up the menu.)

c. Display the equation of the trendline on the chart.

d. What is the slope of the trendline? What are its units? Provide a sentence describing what the slope of the trendline means.

e. Check your estimate from part a using the equation of the trendline.

f. Explain why the actual numbers in the data table for the Tower of Pisa depend on the height of the "particular point" at which measurements were taken. What would the numbers be if the point were twice as high?

g. What has happened to the Tower of Pisa since 1987?

AutoSave O OFF A A P . G ... Lab 11 TEMPLATE Home Insert Draw Page Layout Formulas Data Review View ? Tell me Share Comments Arial v 10 AA ap Wrap Text v General Insert v = Ex AY- O. Ex Delete v v Z Paste BIUV DVAv E E Merge & Center v $ ~ % " Conditional Format Cell Sort & Find & Analyze Sensitivity Formatting as Table Styles Format v DV Filter Select Data A1 X V fx Climate Change B E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S Climate Charge Data on average temperatures and CO2 concentrations, 1960-2010 AWNI For Common Sense Mathematics CO Ave Global parts per Year Temp in C million 1960 13.99 316.91 1961 14.07 317.64 196 14.04 318.45 1963 14.08 318.99 1964 3.79 319.62 11 1965 13.89 320.04 12 1966 13.9 321.3 13 1967 14.00 322.16 14 196 13.96 323.04 15 1969 14.08 324.62 16 1970 14.03 325.68 17 1971 13.89 326.32 18 1972 14.00 327.45 19 1973 14.14 329.68 20 1974 13.92 330.18 21 1975 13.96 331.08 22 1976 13.85 332.05 23 1977 14.13 333 .78 24 1978 14.04 335.41 25 1979 14. 10 336.78 26 1980 14.20 338.68 27 198 14.27 340. 10 28 198 14.05 341.44 29 1983 14.26 343.03 30 1984 14. 10 344.58 31 198 14.05 346.04 32 1986 14.13 347.39 33 1987 14.28 349.16 34 198 14.33 351.56 35 1989 14.21 353.07 36 1990 14.36 354.35 37 1991 14.35 355.57 38 1992 14.13 356.3 39 1993 14.14 357.07 40 1994 14.24 358.82 41 1995 14.39 360.80 42 1996 14.30 362.59 43 1997 14.41 363.71 44 199 14.58 366.65 45 199 14.33 368.33 46 200 14.35 369.52 47 2001 14.48 371.13 48 2002 14.56 373.22 . . -- Earth Data Leaning Pisa Sheet3 + 100% Ready +AutoSave O OFF A A . G ... Lab 11 TEMPLATE Home Insert Draw Page Layout Formulas Data Review View ? Tell me Share Comments Arial v 10 AA ap Wrap Text v General Insert v Ex AY- O. Ex Delete v v Z Paste BI UVV DVAv E Merge & Center v $ ~ % " Conditional Format Cell Sort & Find & Analyze Sensitivity Formatting as Table Styles Format v Filter Select Data A1 4 X V fx Climate Change A B E F G H I J K L M N P Q R S 1975 3.96 331.08 NNA 1976 13.8 332.05 1977 14.13 333.78 24 8461 14.04 335.41 25 1979 .4.10 336.78 26 1980 14.20 338.68 27 1981 14.27 340.10 28 1982 14.05 341.44 29 1983 4.26 343 .03 30 1984 14.10 344.58 31 1985 14.05 346.04 32 1986 14. 13 347.39 33 198 14.28 349 . 16 34 1988 14.33 351.56 35 198 14.21 353.07 36 199 14.36 354.35 37 199 14.35 355.57 38 1992 14.13 356.38 39 1993 14.14 357.07 40 1994 14.24 358.82 41 1995 14.39 360.80 42 1996 14.30 362.59 43 1997 14.41 363.71 44 199 14.58 366.65 45 1999 14.33 368.33 46 2000 14.35 369.52 47 2001 14.48 371.13 48 2002 4.5 373.22 49 2003 14.56 375.77 50 2004 4.48 377.49 51 2005 14.62 379 . 80 52 2006 14.5 381.90 53 2007 14.58 383.77 54 200 14.44 385.59 55 2009 14.57 387.38 56 2010 4.63 389.78 57 2011 14.52 391.57 58 59 Source for temperatures: Compiled by Earth Policy Institute from National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, "Global Land-Ocean Temperature Index in 0.01 Degrees Celsius," at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata/GLB.Ts+dSST.txt, updated January 2012. 60 62 63 Source for CO2: Compiled by Earth Policy Institute, with long term historical data from Worldwatch Institute, Signposts 2001, CD-ROM (Washington, 64 DC: 2001); 1959 to 2011 from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, "Mauna Loa CO2 65 Annual Mean Data," at ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccg/co2/trends/co2_annmean_mlo.txt, updated 5 January 2012. 66 67 68 Earth Data Leaning Pisa Sheet3 + Ready + 100%AutoSave OFF W H FC ... Lab 11 TEMPLATE Insert Draw Page Layout Formulas Data Review View ? Tell me Share Comments Home Insert v Verdana v 14 AA ab Wrap Text General Ex AY- O. Ex Delete v [ v Z E Merge & Center v $ ~ % " Conditional Format Cell Sort & Find & Analyze Sensitivity Paste BIUV DVAv Formatting as Table Styles Format v Filter Select Data F16 fx C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R S T U B Year Lean (m) 1975 2.9642 1976 2.9644 1977 2.9656 Va UI A W N 1978 2.9667 1979 2.9673 1980 2.9688 1981 2.9696 1982 2.9698 10 1983 2.9713 11 1984 2.9717 12 1985 2.9725 13 1986 2.9742 14 1987 2.9757 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TE 34 35 36 D Earth Data Leaning Pisa Sheet3 + + 100% Ready