20) Which of the following is an example of an after-only case study experimental design? A) Store traffic is measured following the announcement of a clearance sale. B) Store traffic is measured; a sale is announced; store traffic is measured again. C) People who saw an ad are compared to people who did not see the ad on their attitude toward the brand. D) Random assignment is used to divide participants into the control and experimental groups; a control group responds to a pretest on brand preferences and a posttest, an experimental group responds to a pretest, is exposed to a commercial for the brand, and responds to a posttest. E) Random assignment is used to divide participants into control and experimental groups; the experimental group is exposed to a commercial and then their attitude toward the brand is measured; their attitude toward the brand is also measured for the control group.21) You have the assignment of designing color codes for different parts. Three colors are used on each part, but a combination of three colors used for one part cannot be rearranged and used to identify a different part. This means that if green, yellow and violet were used to identify a camshaft, yellow, violet and green (or any other combination of these three colors) could not be used to identify a pinion gear. If there are 35 combinations, how many colors were available? A) 5 B) 7 0 9 D) 11 22) A company wishes to know whether advertising expenditure is related to sales volume. Using the past two years of data for these two variables, they determined the correlation coefficient is +0.93. This indicates A) a weak indirect relationship between advertising expenditure and sales volume. B) a strong indirect relationship between advertising expenditure and sales volume. a weak direct relationship between advertising expenditure and sales volume. D) a strong direct relationship between advertising expenditure and sales volume.23) In a finance class, the final grade is based on three tests. Historically, the instructor tells the class that the joint probability of scoring "A"'s on the first two tests is 0.5. A student assigns a probability of 0.9 that she will get an "A" on the first test. What is the probability that the student will score an "A" on the second test given that she scored an "A" on the first test? A) 0.50 B) 0.95 C) 0.55 D) 0.90 24) Judging from recent experience, 5 percent of the computer keyboards produced by an automatic, high-speed machine are defective. If six keyboards are randomly selected, what is the probability that none of the keyboards are defective? A) 0.001 B) 0.167 C) 0.735 D) 0.500 25) In a large metropolitan area, past records revealed that 30 percent of all the high school graduates go to college. From 20 graduates selected at random, what is the probability that exactly 8 will go to college?25) In a large metropolitan area, past records revealed that 30 percent of all the high school graduates go to college. From 20 graduates selected at random, what is the probability that exactly 8 will go to college? A) 0.114 B) 0.887 C) 0.400 D) 0.231 26) Chances are 50-50 that a newborn baby will be a girl. For families with five children, what is the probability that all the children are girls? A) 0.900 B) 0.031 C) 0.001 D) 0.25027) The test scores for a class of 147 students are computed. What is the location of the test score associated with the third quartile? A) 75% B) 74 C) 111 D) 37 28) . When data are collected using a qualitative, nominal variable (e.g., male or female), what is true about a frequency table that summarizes the data? A) The upper and lower class limits must be calculated. B) The number of classes corresponds to the number of a variable's values. C) Class midpoints can be computed. D) The "2 to the k rule" can be applied. 29) A study of a company's practice regarding the payment of invoices revealed that an invoice was paid an average of 20 days after it was received. The standard deviation equaled five days. Assuming that the distribution is normal, what percent of the invoices were paid within 15 days of receipt? A) 15.87% B) 37.91% C) 34.13% D) 86.74%30) An analysis of the grades on the first test in History 101 revealed that they approximate a normal curve with a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 8. The instructor wants to award the grade of A to the upper 10 percent of the test grades. What is the dividing point between an A and a B grade? A) 80 B) 85 C) 90 D) 95