2017 2016 2015 $ 8,796 (15,499) 16,624 $ 10,528 (15,831) 14,079 (838) (2,491) 184 1,035 (2,262) 150 (209) (999) 565 (2,553) 85 (40) (6,186) Year Ended December 31 (in millions) Operating Activities (details omitted): Net cash provided by operating activities $ 6,995 Investing Activities: Purchases of investments (16,520) Proceeds from disposals of investments 15,911 Acquisitions of businesses, equity method investments, and nonmarketable securities (3,900) Proceeds from disposals of businesses, equity method investments, and nonmarketable securities 3,821 Purchases of property, plant, and equipment (1,675) Proceeds from disposals of property, plant, and equipment Other investing activities (126) Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (2,385) Financing Activities: Issuances of debt 29,857 Payments of debt (28,768) Issuances of stock 1,595 Purchases of stock for treasury (3,682) Dividends (6,320) Other financing activities (91) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (7,409) Cash Flows from Discontinued Operations: Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of discontinued operations Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities of discontinued operations (65) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities of discontinued operations (38) Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and Cash Equivalents: Net increase (decrease) during the year (2,549) Balance at beginning of the year 8,555 Balance at end of year $ 6,006 27,281 (25,615) 1,434 (3,681) (6,043) 79 (6,545) 40, 434 (37,738) 1,245 (3,564) (5,741) 251 (5,113) 111 8 242 (6) (878) 1,246 7,309 $ 8,555 (1,649) 8,958 $ 7,309 Required: a-1. For the each of the three years by what amount, net cash provided by operations exceeded net cash used for investing activities and for the payment of dividends. (Enter your answers in millions (i.e., 5,000,000 should be entered as 5). Negative amounts should be indicated with a minus sign.) 2017 2016 2015 Total Excess Net Cash