21. Volume-based (traditional, plant-wide)) cost systems tend to a. Under-cost low-volume products and under-cost high-volume products b. Under-cost low-volume products and over-cost high-volume products c. Over-cost low-volume products and under-cost high-volume products. d. Over-cost low-volume products and over-cost high-volume products. 22. Non-value-added activities are: a. also called waste activities b. activities that neither enhance the customers image of the product or service nor provide a competitive advantage c. activities that could be reduced or removed from the process with no ill effect on the end product or service d. all of the above