22. Unlike most automobile manufacturers, Tesla manufactures most of the parts and components for its electric vehicles itself. It builds the vehicles in its company owned Gigafactories. It also produces its own batteries and has bought a lithium mine to extract the metal used in manufacturing those batteries. It sells directly to consumers online, has its own showrooms, and has its own in-house service and repair unit. This is an example of a) Strategic alliances b) Horizontal integration c) First-mover advantage d) Vertical integration e) Outsourcing