- 24 - Section 6.3 Inference for a Difference in Proportions Question 15 of 19 - 11 5 Question List X View Policies Current Attempt in Progress Question 1 0.5 / 1 Multipart Partially correct Autism and Maternal Antidepressant Use Question 2 0.5 / 1 A recent study, compared 298 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to 1507 randomly selected control children without the Multipart ) Partially correct disorder. Of the children with autism, 20 of the mothers had used antidepressant drugs during the year before pregnancy or the first trimester of pregnancy. Of the control children, 50 of the mothers had used the drugs. Question 3 /1 Multipart Correct Croen, L., Grether, J., Yoshida, C., Odouli, R., and Hendrick, V., "Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy and Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders," Archives of General Psychiatry, 2011 Nov; 68(11): 1104-12. Question 4 /1 Multipart Correct (a) Does prenatal exposure to antidepressants increase risk of autism? Test whether the results are significant at the 5 % level using a two proportion z test. Question 5 /1 Math Fill in the Blank Not started State the null and alternative hypotheses. Use subscripts 1 for the children with autism and 2 for the control group. Question 6 - /1 Math Fill in the Blank Not started Question 7 /1 :: = *: :: / :: 12 : p :: P1 :: P2 2: :: p :: x1 Math Fill in the Blank Unsubmitted work :: $2 :: p :: P1 :: P2 Question 8 /1 Math Fill in the Blank Not started Ho: VS Ha:_ _ ] Question 9 Multipart Not started Question 10 -/ 1 e Textbook and Media Multipart Not started e Textbook and Media Multipart Not started Question 11 /1 Multipart Not started (b) Give the test statistic and the p-value. Question 12 /1 Round your answer for the test statistic to two decimal places and your answer for the p-value to three decimal places. Multipart Not started test statistic = i Question 13 /1 Multipart Not started p-value = i Question 14 /1 e Textbook and Media Multipart Not started Viewing /1 Question 15 Not started Multipart (c) What is the conclusion? Question 16 /1 Multiple Choice Not started O Reject Ho. Do not reject Ho- Question 17 /1 Math Fill in the Blank Not started e Textbook and Media Question 18 - /1 Math Fill in the Blank Not started (d) Can we conclude that prenatal exposure to antidepressant medicine increases the risk of autism in the child? Question 19 . / 1 Math Fill in the Blank Not started O Yes No e Textbook and Media Save for Later Attempts: 0 of 4 used Submit Answer6 24 - Section 6.3 Inference for a Difference in Proportions Question160f19 -/1 E View Policies Current Attempt in Progress TYPE OF FACE MASK During the 2020 COVlD-19 pandemic, the United States faced a shortage of medical face masks. To save the medical masks for health care workers, people were advised to wear cloth masks in public. Here we look at the only randomized experiment1 (at the time of writing) that investigated the effectiveness of cloth masks at protecting the wearer from respiratory infection. 1 Maclntyre CR, Seale H, Dung TC, et aL (2015). A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in health care workers. BMJ Open, 5(4). Health care workers in Vietnam were randomized to wear either medical face masks or cloth face masks during their shifts for four consecutive weeks. The study was designed to see if there is evidence that medical masks are more effective at preventing illness. The researchers collected data on three different response variables: whether the health care worker developed a clinical respiratory illness (CRI), inuenza-like illness (I Ll), or laboratory-conrmed virus illness (LCI). The results are given in the table below. Sample size Clll [Ll LCl Medical masks 5m 28 1 19 Clotms \"ml-n 1 For all three response variables, the proportion of infection was higher for the cloth mask wearers than the medical mask wearers. Recall from Section 1.3 that there are three possible explanations for this: (i) Causal association: medical masks are more effective at preventing infection than cloth masks (ii) Association due to confounding: the groups (cloth mask wearers and medical mask wearers) differed to begin with (iii) No actual association:just random chance Cloth vs Medical Masks and Confounding Variables Do we have evidence against alternative explanation (ii)? Why or why not? 0 No, because the evidence isn't signicant. 0 Yes, because the evidence is signicant. 0 Yes, because the information comes from a random sample. 0 Yes because this is a randomized experiment. 0 No, because there are always confounding variables. eTextbook and Media Save for Later Attempts: O of 4 used Question List Question 1 Mu tipart Question 2 Mu tipart Question 3 Mu tipart Question 4 Mu tipart Question 5 Ma h Fill in the Blank Question 6 Math Fill in the Blank Question 7 Math Fill in the Blank Question 8 Math Fill in the Blank Question 9 Multipart Question 10 Multipart Question 11 Multipart X 0.5 / 1 D Partially correct 0.5 / 1 D Partially correct 1 / 1 ~/ Correct 1 f 1 ~/ Correct / 1 Not started -/ 1 Not started -/1 Unsubmitted work / 1 Not started / 1 Not started / 1 Not started / 1 Not started