25. What does alpha tell an experimenter? a.) Likelihood of a type-1 error. b.) Likelihood of a type- 2 error. c.) The effect size of the experiment. d.) The marginal significance of the results. 26. What is a subject variable? a.) Characteristics of the subjects that are used as independent variables. b.) Characteristics of the subjects that are used as dependent variables. c.) Characteristics of the experiment that affect the subjects. d.) The information inside a particular psychological domain, or subject. 27. Which of the following describes a possible cause for a ceiling effect? a.) A memory test where everyone scored well. b.) A memory test where everyone scored poorly. c.) A memory test where the groups were not tested the on same day. d.) A memory test that has known extraneous variables