2:53 I "" [Anywhere you see two asterisks, like this **_. these are the answers that you will need to type up for your lab report. Your lab report should include ONLY your work and your words inclusion of wording from this document as headers or otherwise is plagiarism. Plagiarism earns a 50%.] Due: April 1\"" by 11.59.00 pm via Turnitin.com with deadline: April 8'\" by 11.59.00 pm through a fully typed/ electronic document upload per student (50% extended time: due date April 2151/ deadline April 26'\") Prior Knowledge Question (Do this BEFORE using the Gizmo.) A boy rolls an old car tire down a hill. It goes pretty fast, but he wants the tire to go even faster. So, the boy climbs inside and rolls down the hill inside the tire. Assuming there are no crashes, how do you think the speed of the tire with the boy inside will compare to the speed of the empty tire? Explain your answer. Gizmo Warm-up 0 Do all round objects roll at the same rate, or does their distribution of mass make a difference? You can explore this question with the inclined Plane Rolling Objects Gizmo. \"Please make an AP Physics level hypothesis that encompasses the entire set of objects and materials in this Gizmo. [1 point] On Ramp 1. select a Ring of Steel on a Frictionless ramp. On Ramp 2. select a Disk of Steel on a Frictionless ramp. Check that each ramp has an Angle of 20". 1. Click Play (n).What was the result of the race to the bottom? On a frictionless ramp, neither object will roll. Instead, they will slide. Click Reset (a), and change the material of each ramp to Wood. Click Play. Which object wins the race this time? Which object is similar to an empty tire? Which is similar to a tire with a person inside of it? |":|-.]t- i'illiw'li'. Activity A: Get the Gizmo read j 0 Click Reset. o For Ramp 1, choose a Block of S o For Ramp 2, choose a Ring of St: Ring vs. block [11 points] Introduction: A sliding object has a type of kinetic energy, called translational kinetic energy. which is equal to half the object's mass multiplied by the square of its velocity. A rotating object, such as a spinning top, has a different type of kinetic energy, called rotational kinetic energy. A rolling object has both translational and rotational kinetic energy. Question: How is potential energy converted to kinetic energy for a rolling object? 1. Predict: Which object do you think will reach the bottom of the ramp first? +|l Ubserve: UIICK Play. Which object reached the bottom first? \"How did the motion of the ring differ from that of the block? No explanation. (Observations) [1 point] Record: Select the ENERGY tab and turn on Show values. Complete the table below. Object KE (translational) KE (rota1 Block A Ring v . \"Analyze: Compare the energy distribution of each object at the bottom of the ramp. A. \"Which object lost more energy to friction? No explanation. (Trend - Analysis) [1 point] . \"Which object had more translational kinetic energy at the bottom? No explanation. (Trend -Analysis) [1 point] . **If the ring lost so much less energy to friction than the block, why did it lose the race? Explain using physics concepts. (Discussion) [2 points] \"Investigate: Does the angle of the ramp affect the results of a race between the block and the ring? Use the Gizmo to find out. A. \"Type your numbered procedure. (Procedure) [1 point] B. \"Include data in table format, well-organized and easy to follow. (Data) [1 point] . \"Describe what happened and identify trends. (Analysis) [1 pr . \"Explain the results of your investigation and be sure to draw concepts. (unsuussiun) [g [JUIIILb] 5. \"Investigate: Does the angle of the ramp affect the results of a race between the block and the ring? Use the Gizmo to find out. A. \"Type your numbered procedure. (Procedure) [1 point] B. \"Include data in table format, well-organized and easy to follow. (Data) [1 point] C. MDescribe what happened and identify trends. (Analysis) [1 point] D. \"Explain the results of your investigation and be sure to draw in academic content that is cited and supportive of your results. (Discussion) [3 points] |-'.j.,]i- I'I'ili'nil'. Activity B: Get the GIZmo read : Click Reset. For Ramp 1, choose a Disk of St: For Ramp 2, choose a Ball of Ste Set the Angle of both ramps to 20 The fastest rollers [7 points] Introduction: In activity A. you discovered that a ring can lose a race with a block because much of its potential energy is converted to rotational kinetic energy rather than translational kinetic energy. In this activity. you will compare the translational and rotational kinetic energies for a variety of rolling objects. Question: What are the fastest rolling objects? 1. Predict: The Gizmo allows you to experiment with a disk, a ring, a solid ball, and a hollow sphere. Predict which will be the slowest and fastest objects by ranking them below. Slowest t 2:54 III h Question: What are the fastest rolling objects? 1. Predict: The Gizmo allows you to experiment with a disk, 3 ring, a solid ball, and a hollow sphere. Predict which will be the slowest and fastest objects by ranking them below. Slowest Fastest Experiment: Use the Gizmo to find the actual order: Slowest Fastest \"Gather data: \"Determine your set-up for your objects in terms of: angle, material of object, material of ramp, angle of ramp and the coefficient of friction (Procedure) [1 point] \"Create a procedure (Procedure) [1 point] For each object, list the percentage of potential energy that was converted to translational kinetic energy, converted to rotational kinetic energy, and lost to friction after the object slid down the ramp. Create a title for the table. (Data) [1 point] Object KE (translational) Disk Ring Solid ball Hollow sphere 4. \"Analyze: Look at the results in the data table and from your racing experiment. A. \"How does the final percentage of translational kinetic energy relate to the speed of the object? Be specific and use data. (Analysis) [2 points] B. **In Willa-faster, hollow 4. \"Analyze: Look at the results in the data table and from your racing experiment. A. \"How does the final percentage of translational kinetic energy relate to the speed of the object? Be specific and use data. (Analysis) [2 points] . **In general, which rolls faster, hollow objects like the ring and sphere or solid objects like the disk and ball? Be specific and use data. Explain thoroughly. (Analysis) [2 points] I"-|'-]'" l-ilml. Activity C: Get the Gizmo ready: Moment Of a For Ramp 1, choose a Disk of St: inertia [11 o For Ramp 2, choose None. points] Introduction: The moment of inertia (I) of an object is a value that represents the object's resistance to rotating. The moment of inertia for many objects is given by the formula: l: kmr2 In this formula, m is the mass, ris the radius, and k is a constant that represents how far the mass is distributed away from the axis of rotation. Question: How does an object's distribution of mass relate to how fast it rolls? 1. ***Calculate: The value of k for a rolling object can be found by determining the ratio of its rotational kinetic energy (RKE) to its translational kinetic energy (TKE): Calculate the value of k for each rolling object in the Gizmo. (Note: You can use the data you collected for each object in activity B, or collect new data.) [1 point] Disk: Ring: Ball: Sphere: * 2. *Analyze: Look at the moment of inertia equation, the values of k listed above, and the results of the races between objects in activity B. A. How do you think the value of k relates to the moment of inertia for each object? B. **How does the value of k affect how fast each object rolls? No explanation. (Analysis) [1 point] 3. Find a pattern: Suppose a ring and a disk have the same mass and radius. A. Which object has its mass distributed as far as possible from the axis of rotation? B. Which object has a greater moment of inertia? C. Which object will roll down a ramp most quickly? (Activity C continued on next page) Pi"! ".l i"- H in: : ("i lr; Activity C (continued from previous page) **ConclusionlMake a rule: In general, how does the distribution of mass affect the moment of inertia, the translational kinetic energy, and the speed of a rolling object? [1 point] \"Explain your rulelconclusion statement in detail. (Discussion) [3 points] . \"Explain why does a solid ball roll faster than a hollow sphere? In your answer, analyze the potential energy, translational kinetic energy, and rotational kinetic energy of each ring. You must research to support the answer. You must use your data. (Discussion) [3 points] . \"Challenge: Suppose two rings are at the top of a ramp. The rings have the same mass, but one ring has a much larger radius than the other. Which ring will win the race to the bottom, and why? In your answer, analyze the potential energy, translational kinetic energy, and rotational kinetic energy of each ring. You must research to support the answer. You must show equations and calculations. You may use data collected from the simulation. (Discussion) [3 points] \"General Discussion Questions [16 points] All of these require academic support! research. . MrWhy does a rolling object lose less energy to friction than a sliding object? [2 points] . \"Why will a sliding object sometimes beat a rolling object, even though it loses A v more energy to friction? [2 points] . **How does the distribution of mass affect the speed of a rolling object? Show equation manipulation to determine the final 2154 and rotational kinetic energy of each ring. You must research to support the answer. You must show equations and calculations. You may use data collected from the simulation. (Discussion) [3 points] \"General Discussion Questions [16 points] All of these require academic support! research. \"Why does a rolling object lose less energy to friction than a sliding object? [2 points] \"Why will a sliding object sometimes beat a rolling object, even though it loses more energy to friction? [2 points] **How does the distribution of mass affect the speed of a rolling object? Show equation manipulation to determine the final magnitude of the speed of each of the 5 objects (block, disk, ring, ball, sphere) based on all other variables controlled to be the same (mass, material, ramp angle, ramp material, acceleration due to gravity, etc.). Explain your analysis and relate to physics concepts [10 points] Answer one of the following [2 points]: 0 \"Suppose you were designing a car to race down an inclined plane. Would you use wheels with heavy tires or wheels with heavy axles? Explain. 0R \"Suppose a bunch of disks of varying radii and masses were rolled down an inclined plane. What will happen