26. Which type of fossil is an impression of an organism? A. mold B. replacement C. amber 27. Which group was the most recent primate to evolve? A. new world monkeys B.apes C. hominins 28. Which of the following is NOT an example of the principles of natural selection? A. Organisms produce more young than will survive. B. Variations increasing reproductive success will be more common in the next generation. C. Variations cannot be inherited. 46. Which of the following reveals similarities between extinct and living species and provides information about the evolution of life on Earth? A. comparative embryology B. comparative anatomy C. fossil record 47. Which of the following is the correct taxonomy order from most general to the most specific? A. kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species B. phylum, species, genus, class, family, order, kingdom C. family, genus, kingdom, order, class, species, phylum 48. What process occurs when a species evolves into a new species without a physical barrier separating populations? A. adaptive radiation B. allopatric speciation C. sympatric speciation 7. While looking for fossils on an eroded hillside, you discover fossil coral and fish in one layer. In a layerjust below, you find the fossil imprint of a fern frond and some fossil moss. Assuming the rock has not been disturbed, which of the layers is older? A. the layer with the fossil coral and sh B. the layer with the fossil imprint of a fern frond and some fossil moss C. both layers are the same age 8. The explains how eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells. A. spontaneous generation B. biogenesis C. endosymbiont theory 9. Which of the following is both a domain and a kingdom? A. Eukarya B. Bacteria C. Protista 10. What is one of the oldest ideas about the origin of life on Earth? A. spontaneous generation B. theory of biogenesis C. primordial soup hypothesis 22. The hypothesis is supported by the fact that mitochondrial DNA from Africans was discovered to be more variable than mitochondrial DNA from populations A. the multiregional theory B. the hominoid biogeographical hypothesis C. Out-of-Africa hypothesis 23. The process of fossilization occur in which type of rock? A. igneous B. metamorphic C. sedimentary 24. Which of the following best describes a taxon of related phyla or divisions? A. class B. domain C. kingdom 25. Which of the following characters are not used when determining the phylogeny among species? A. morphological characteristics B. biochemical characteristics C. physical or analogous characteristics19. is a characteristic evolved in hominins that made them different from other early primates. A. Producing few offspring at a time B. Flexible limbs C. Bipedal locomotion 20. A population diverges and becomes reproductively isolated. Which of the following is the best description of that phenomenon? A. speciation B. bottleneck C. postzygotic isolation 21. Which sets of structures are homologous? A. a beetle's leg and a horse's leg B. a butterfly's wing and a bat's wing C. a whale's flipper and a bird's wing 1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most early primates? A. flexible hands and feet for grasping B. nocturnal C. bipedal 2. What method is used to determine the age of rocks by comparing them with those in other layers? A. relative dating B. half-life C. radiometric dating 3. A is a diagram with branches that represents the hypothesized phylogeny or evolution of a species or groups. A. domain system B. cladogram C. outgroup diagram 4. What is the division of geologic time which last tens of millions of years called? A. epoch B. period C.era 33. Which hominin likely first used fire, living in caves, and made tools? A. H. ergaster B. H. erectus C. H. sapiens 34. To which domain do the prokaryotes living in the sulfur vents of volcanoes belong? A. Domain Bacteria B. Domain Archaea C. Domain Eukarya49. Archaeopteryx fossils, one of the first birds, provide evidence that birds and dinosaurs may share a common ancestor. Which evidence supports this conclusion? A. Dinosaurfossils have been found with feathers. B. Birds and dinosaurs have a fused collarbone. C. Fossils have been found with characteristics of both bird and dinosaur characteristics. 50. Groups that are closest to one another on a cladogram share what? A. recent common ancestor B. nothing in common C. distant common ancestor 11. Which term best describes the evolutionary structures shown in the diagram below? Bat wing Bird wing Flying squirrel wing A. homologous B. vestigial C. analogous 12. The states that when allelic frequencies remain constant, a population is in genetic equilibrium. A. prezygotic isolating mechanism B. founder effect C. Hardy-Weinberg principle 13. Which characteristic of the skulls in this diagram impacts diets the most? Chimpanzee Ancient Hominid Human Pan Troglodytes Australopithecus afarensis Homo Sapiens A. increased brain size B. differentiated teeth C. smaller eye sockets5. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection and evolution? A. Natural selection results from evolution. B. Evolution is a part of natural selection. C. Natural selection is one mechanism of evolution. 6. When investigating shell color of a species of snail found only in a remote area seldom visited by humans, scientists discovered the distribution of individuals that is shown in the following graph. Based on the information shown in the graph, what form of selection is the snail population undergoing? Number of Indhiduals light .> dark Coloration A. disruptive selection B. artificial selection C. directional selection 42. Which of the following is a characteristics of primates that make them well- adapted for an arboreal lifestyle? A. monocular vision B. producing lots of offspring C. exible limbs and grasping hands 43. The discipline of biology primarily concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying species based on natural relationships is known as A. classification. B. taxonomy. C. binomial nomenclature. 44. Structures such as the wings of a bird and the forelimbs of a reptile are A. vestigial structures. B. heterologous structures. C. homologous structures. 45. What is a tool scientists use to group organisms based on choices between alternate characteristics? A. dichotomous key B. evolutionary descent C. taxonomy 13. Which characteristic of the skulls in this diagram impacts diets the most? Chimpanzee Ancient Hominid Human Pan Troglodytes Australopithecus afarensis Homo Sapiens A. increased brain size B. differentiated teeth C. smaller eye sockets 14. Organisms that are prokaryotes and unicellular belong to which kingdom? A. Fungi B. Bacteria C. Animalia 15. Defining each species as a distinctly different group of organisms based on physical similarities is the species concept. A. typological B. biological C. phylogenetic 16. Which type of character is found within an entire line of descendants within a group of organisms? A. ancestral B. biochemical C. morphological39. The mass extinction of dinosaurs occurred during which era? A. Mesozoic B. Paleozoic C. Precambrian 40. Which taxon contains one or more related families of organisms? A. class B. phylum C. order 41 . What is the method that classifies organisms according to the order that they diverge from a common ancestor called? A. cladistics B. characters C. phylogeny 35. What type of adaptation is shown by the organism in this picture? A. mimicry B. artificial selection C. camouflage 36. Which of the following is the most specific taxon? A. genus B. kingdom C. species 37. Which of the following is the last event in the process of fossilization? A. Erosion exposes buried fossils. B. Minerals replace the bones and hard parts of the organism. C. The organism dies and is buried in sediment. 38. Organisms that are always multicellular, have cell walls with cellulose, and are autotrophic belong to which kingdom? A. Kingdom Archaea B. Kingdom Plantae C. Kingdom Animalia29. Scientists hypothesized that the first cells were most likely A. prokaryotes. B. eukaryotes. C. bacteria. 30. Within a decade of the introduction ofa new insecticide, nearly all of the descendants of the target insects are resistant to the usual-sized insecticide dosage. The most likely explanation for this change in susceptibility to the insecticide is A. comparative biochemistry. B. antimicrobial resistance. C. mimicry. 31.The adaptation in primates that resulted in better gripping ability was A. complex brains. B. prehensile tail. C. opposable digits. 32. Which mechanism of evolution occurs when a small sample of a population settles in a location separated from the rest of the population? A. bottleneck B. founder effect C. genetic drift 17. Which of the following is an accurate statement of the difference between spontaneous generation and biogenesis? A. Spontaneous generation is the idea that life can only come from life, while biogenesis is the outdated notion that animals arise from nonliving elements of their environment. B. Spontaneous generation and biogenesis are two names for the same principle concerning the origin of life. C. Spontaneous generation is the idea that life can come from nonliving components, while biogenesis is the more modern concept that life can only arise from another living organism. 18. According to the timeline, what was the most recent form of multi-cellular life on Earth? Precambrian Era Paleozoic Era Amphibians are Reptiles One-celled life forms Jellyfishes Sponges Fishes Fems 4.6 billion 544 million 245 million years ago years ago years ago Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Flowering Small Humans Dinosaurs plants Large mammals Birds mammals 245 million 66 million years ago years ago - present A. reptiles B. fish C. flowering plants