29. Which one of the following statements is TRUE? a. No two products are exactly alike because the processes that produce them contain many sources of variation, even if the process is a machine. With due diligence, variation in a process can be completely eliminated. b. c. SPC and TQM are two competing techniques for quality control. d. Common causes of variation are those factors that can be identified as commonly occurring at a particular process. 30. A measure of the dispersion of observations in a process distribution is called: An average. A range. C. A shape. d. A specification. a. b. 31. Which one of the following statements relating to quality is TRUE? a. Sampling procedures based on measurement by variables should be used when quality specifications are complex. b. A distribution of sample means has more variance than the process distribution itself. The distribution of sample means can be approximated by the normal distribution. C. d. Sampling is a better approach than 100 percent inspection when the cost of accepting a defective item is very high. 32. Identify the correct statement: a. Bias is the difference between the observed average of the measurements and the true value. b. Repeatability is the difference in bias values over the expected operating range of the measurement gauge. c. Reproducibility is the variation between successive measurements of the same part, same characteristic, by the same person using the same gauge. d. Linearity is the difference in the average of the measurements made by different people using the same instrument when measuring the identical characteristic on the same pieces. 33. Which of these attributes contribute to the overall quality experience? a. Ease of use & 'look & feel' b. Defect rate & serviceability c. Availability & reliability d. All of the above 34. One of the major tools and techniques used in Lean Software Development is value stream mapping. What is the primary purpose of value stream mapping? a. To improve business processes b. To identify and eliminate waste c. To ensure product quality d. To increase customer value