$3\mathrm{.}2$ Explain the concept of noise in data transmission, the types of noise, and their impact on signal quality.

Additionally, describe the methods of signal boosting and latency causes in data transmission, highlighting the

significance of round$-$trip time $($RTT$).(25)2\mathrm{.}3$ Network applications use the application layer. Indicate any four activities performed at this layer and the types of

protocols employed when the activities mentioned above are performed. $(15)$