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3. Neonatal jaundice, a yellow discoloration in a newborn baby's skin and eyes, is a common condition among newborn babies when the baby's blood contains
3. Neonatal jaundice, a yellow discoloration in a newborn baby's skin and eyes, is a common condition among newborn babies when the baby's blood contains an excess of bilirubin, a yellow colored pigment of red blood cells. Treatment is only necessary if the newborn baby has very high bilirubin level in his/her blood. The treatment is non-invasive and is very effective in general. A study was conducted in Hong Kong to determine the risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice. Newborn babies are classified by their bilirubin levels (A - Very High: treatment is required for babies in this group; B - High: the bilirubin level is higher than normal, but treatment is not required; and C - Normal); mother's age (Young: 30 or below; and Old: over 30); premature or not (Yes: born before 37 weeks of pregnancy; and No: born at or after 37 weeks of pregnancy). The following table summarizes the frequency of each of the possible combinations of the three classification variables based on a random sample of n = 2000 newborn babies. Bilirubin Level Mother's Age Premature Very High High Normal Young Yes 44 50 64 Young No 53 136 683 Old Yes 56 67 119 Old No 47 176 505(d) (1.5 marks) A 90% confidence interval for pr, the proportion of premature babies who require jaundice treatment, is given by: (A) (0.4418, 0.5582) (B) (0.0420, 0.0580) (C) (0.0890, 0.1110) (D) (0.2076, 0.2924) (E) (0.2144, 0.2856) (F) None of the above
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